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Optimizing sample structural parameters, magnetic field annealing, series-parallel bridge design, current thermal effect, and additional bias magnetic field are common methods used for controlling the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) magnetic sensing performance. By employing these methods, key performance parameters of TMR sensors such as sensitivity, noise resistance index, linearity, and linear magnetic field range can be optimized and improved. Changing the sample structural parameters, such as the pinning layer, free layer, and barrier layer materials and thickness of the TMR magnetic sensing unit, can change the exchange bias field and thus enhance the TMR magnetic sensing performance parameters. In this study, through micromagnetic simulation and experimental measurements, it is discovered that by modifying the exchange coupling in the free layer CoFeB/Ru/NiFe/IrMn, the exchange bias field magnitude of the TMR free layer can be modulated, leading to improved performance of the TMR magnetic sensing unit. As the IrMn pinning effect is gradually enhanced, the linear magnetic field range of the TMR magnetic sensing unit increases, but the magnetic field sensitivity decreases. It is further found that the linearity of the TMR magnetic sensor is optimal within a range of ±0.5 times the magnetic moment variation of the free layer (primarily the CoFeB layer). Through our work, the effect of exchange bias field (caused by the pinning IrMn of the free layer) on the magnetic sensing performance is verified in the TMR magnetic sensing unit. Our work demonstrates more possibilities for designing and optimizing TMR magnetic sensors, enriching the dimensions of magnetic sensing performance modulation.
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Keywords:
- exchange bias effect /
- magnetic tunnel junctions /
- tunneling magnetoresistance linear sensing unit /
- magnetoresistive sensors
[1] 周子童, 闫韶华, 赵巍胜, 冷群文 2022 71 058504
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[2] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1413
Google Scholar
[3] Stamps R L 2000 J. Phys. D 33 R247
Google Scholar
[4] Nogués J, Schuller I K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192 203
Google Scholar
[5] Nogués J, Sort J, Langlais V, Skumryev V, Suriñach S, Muñoz J S, Baró M D 2005 Phys. Rep. 422 65
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[6] Binek C, Polisetty S, He X, Berger A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 067201
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[7] Tang M H, Zhang Z Z, Tian S Y, Wang J, Ma B, Jin Q Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10863
Google Scholar
[8] Zhou S M, Liu K, Chien C L 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 R14717
Google Scholar
[9] Zhou S M, Liu K, Chien C L 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 6659
Google Scholar
[10] Berkowitz A E, Takano K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200 552
Google Scholar
[11] Morales R, Basaran A C, Villegas J E, Navas D, Soriano N, Mora B, Redondo C, Batlle X, Schuller I K 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 097202
Google Scholar
[12] Malozemoff A M 1987 Phys. Rev. B 35 3679
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Google Scholar
[14] 韩秀峰, 张雨, 丰家峰, 陈川, 邓辉, 黄辉, 郭经红, 梁云, 司文荣, 江安烽, 魏红祥 2022 71 238502
Google Scholar
Han X F, Zhang Y, Feng J F, Chen C, Deng H, Huang H, Guo J H, Liang Y, Si W R, Jiang A F, Wei H X 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 238502
Google Scholar
[15] Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F, Zinn W 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 4828
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Google Scholar
Feng J F, Wei H X, Yu G Q, Huang H, Guo J H, Han X F 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 018501
Google Scholar
[17] Chen J Y, Feng J F, Coey J M D 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 142407
Google Scholar
[18] Han X F, Zhang Y, Wang Y Z, Huang L, Ma Q L, Liu H F, Wan C H, Feng J F, Yin L, Yu G Q, Yu T, Yan Y 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 128501
Google Scholar
[19] Huang L, Yuan Z H, Tao B S, Wan C H, Guo P, Zhang Q T, Yin L, Feng J F, Nakano T, Naganuma H, Liu H F, Yan Y, Han X F 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 122 113903
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[20] Chaves R C, Cardoso S, Ferreira R, Freitas P P 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07E506
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Google Scholar
[22] Oogane M, Fujiwara K, Kanno A, Nakano T, Wagatsuma H, Arimoto T, Mizukami S, Kumagai S, Matsuzaki H, Nakasato N, Ando Y 2021 Appl. Phys. Express 14 123002
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[26] Feng J F, Feng G, Coey J M D, Han X F, Zhan W S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 102505
Google Scholar
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图 1 磁传感关键性能参数以及调控磁传感关键性能参数的主要方法(黄色虚线代表需进一步的实验结果来佐证)
Figure 1. Key performance parameters of magnetoresistive sensing and main methods for modulating them (Yellow dashed lines indicate that further experimental results are needed).
图 2 (a) TMR磁传感单元实验结构; (b) TMR磁传感单元的线性输出特性曲线
Figure 2. (a) Experimental structure of TMR magnetoresistive sensing unit; (b) linear output curve of TMR magnetoresistive sensing unit.
图 3 (a) TMR磁传感单元主要结构示意图; (b) 微磁学模型建立细节
Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of TMR magnetoresistive sensing unit; (b) establishment details of micromagnetic simulation model.
图 4 不同交换偏置场作用下的磁矩对外磁场的变化曲线(红色实线代表±0.5倍自由层磁矩范围内线性输出曲线) (a) 10 Oe; (b) 20 Oe; (c) 50 Oe; (d) 100 Oe
Figure 4. Linear output simulation curves under different exchange-biased fields of the free layer (Solid red lines represents linear output curves within the range of ±0.5 times the magnetic moment of the free layer): (a) 10 Oe; (b) 20 Oe; (c) 50 Oe; (d) 100 Oe.
图 5 微磁学仿真得到的TMR磁传感单元线性磁场范围(a)和(近似)灵敏度(b)随着自由层交换偏置作用的变化关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the linear magnetic field range (a) and sensitivity (b) of TMR magnetoresistive sensing unit obtained by the micromagnetic simulation method and the exchange-biased field of the free layer.
表 1 智能电网和新能源汽车领域磁传感器件的潜在应用场景
Table 1. Potential application scenarios of magnetic sensing devices in the fields of smart grids and new energy vehicles.
智能电网领域 新能源汽车领域 负荷测量磁传感 动力磁传感 设备电气状态监测磁传感 车身、座椅磁传感 设备机械状态监测磁传感 辅助驾驶磁传感 
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[1] 周子童, 闫韶华, 赵巍胜, 冷群文 2022 71 058504
Google Scholar
Zhou Z T, Yan S H, Zhao W S, Leng Q W 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 058504
Google Scholar
[2] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1413
Google Scholar
[3] Stamps R L 2000 J. Phys. D 33 R247
Google Scholar
[4] Nogués J, Schuller I K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192 203
Google Scholar
[5] Nogués J, Sort J, Langlais V, Skumryev V, Suriñach S, Muñoz J S, Baró M D 2005 Phys. Rep. 422 65
Google Scholar
[6] Binek C, Polisetty S, He X, Berger A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 067201
Google Scholar
[7] Tang M H, Zhang Z Z, Tian S Y, Wang J, Ma B, Jin Q Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10863
Google Scholar
[8] Zhou S M, Liu K, Chien C L 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 R14717
Google Scholar
[9] Zhou S M, Liu K, Chien C L 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 6659
Google Scholar
[10] Berkowitz A E, Takano K 1999 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200 552
Google Scholar
[11] Morales R, Basaran A C, Villegas J E, Navas D, Soriano N, Mora B, Redondo C, Batlle X, Schuller I K 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 097202
Google Scholar
[12] Malozemoff A M 1987 Phys. Rev. B 35 3679
[13] Feng J F, Liu H F, Wei H X, Zhang X G, Ren Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wang J P, Han X F 2017 Phys. Rev. Appl. 7 054005
Google Scholar
[14] 韩秀峰, 张雨, 丰家峰, 陈川, 邓辉, 黄辉, 郭经红, 梁云, 司文荣, 江安烽, 魏红祥 2022 71 238502
Google Scholar
Han X F, Zhang Y, Feng J F, Chen C, Deng H, Huang H, Guo J H, Liang Y, Si W R, Jiang A F, Wei H X 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 238502
Google Scholar
[15] Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F, Zinn W 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 4828
[16] 丰家峰, 魏红祥, 于国强, 黄辉, 郭经红, 韩秀峰 2023 72 018501
Google Scholar
Feng J F, Wei H X, Yu G Q, Huang H, Guo J H, Han X F 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 018501
Google Scholar
[17] Chen J Y, Feng J F, Coey J M D 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 142407
Google Scholar
[18] Han X F, Zhang Y, Wang Y Z, Huang L, Ma Q L, Liu H F, Wan C H, Feng J F, Yin L, Yu G Q, Yu T, Yan Y 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 128501
Google Scholar
[19] Huang L, Yuan Z H, Tao B S, Wan C H, Guo P, Zhang Q T, Yin L, Feng J F, Nakano T, Naganuma H, Liu H F, Yan Y, Han X F 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 122 113903
Google Scholar
[20] Chaves R C, Cardoso S, Ferreira R, Freitas P P 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07E506
Google Scholar
[21] Freitas P P, Ferreira R, Cardoso S, Cardoso F 2007 J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 19 165221
Google Scholar
[22] Oogane M, Fujiwara K, Kanno A, Nakano T, Wagatsuma H, Arimoto T, Mizukami S, Kumagai S, Matsuzaki H, Nakasato N, Ando Y 2021 Appl. Phys. Express 14 123002
Google Scholar
[23] Han X F, Oogane M, Kubota H, Ando Y, Miyazaki T 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 283
Google Scholar
[24] Parkin S S P, Kaiser C, Panchula A, Rice P M, Hughes B, Samant M, Yang S H 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 862
Google Scholar
[25] Han X F, Wei H X, Peng Z L, Yang H D, Feng J F, Du G X, Sun Z B, Jiang L X, Ma M, Wang Y, Wen Z C, Liu D P, Zhan W S 2007 J. Mater. Sci. Tech. 23 304
[26] Feng J F, Feng G, Coey J M D, Han X F, Zhan W S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 102505
Google Scholar
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