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The metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a new type of electromagnetic wave absorber first proposed by Landy. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic wave absorber, MPA has many advantages, including ultra-high absorption efficiency, ultra-thin, compact structure, easily tunable resonances, etc. so it is gradually applied to ultra-sensitive sensing, imaging, detection and other fields. Nowadays, the MPA research focuses on two areas. One area focuses on the absorption efficiency modulation and absorption wavelength tuning, and the other area is to broaden the absorption bandwidth and achieve high absorptions at different optical frequencies. Previously, the MPA absorption efficiency modulation or absorption wavelength tuning was realized by changing the device structure or the surrounding medium material. But these methods can increase the difficulty in processing and increase the device volume. In order to achieve the control of absorption wavelength and absorption efficiency without increasing the difficulty in processing or the device volume. We propose to use vanadium dioxide and graphene as the materials of MPA, which has high absorption efficiency in the infrared band. It is found that the absorption efficiency of MPA at 9.66 μm wavelength can reach 96% when the temperature of vanadium dioxide is 5 ℃ by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. However, when the vanadium dioxide temperature rises to 68 ℃, the absorption efficiency of MPA suddenly drops to 2.8%. The modulation depth of absorption efficiency can reach 97.08%. We propose that the MPA be able to control not only the absorption efficiency, but also the absorption wavelength. By changing the voltage of graphene, the chemical potential Ef of graphene can be controlled and the absorption wavelength of MPA can be tuned. When Ef increases from 0.1 eV to 3 eV, the absorption wavelength of MPA will be blue-shifted from 9.66 μm to 6.46 μm. The magnetic field distribution of MPA at the absorption wavelength shows that the MPA has a high absorption efficiency because of the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity resonance is formed in MPA. Therefore, the change of structure parameters of MPA will affect its absorption characteristics. It is found by the FDTD method that the absorption wavelength of MPA will be redshifted, when the radius, thickness, period and thickness of the nanocolumn array increase. This study can provide theoretical guidance for designing and preparing the controllable MPA, which has compact structure and low process difficulty merits.
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Keywords:
- metamaterial /
- absorber /
- vanadium dioxide /
- graphene
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图 1 吸收特性可控的MPA结构图
Figure 1. MPA structure diagram with controllable absorption characteristics.
图 2 VO2不同温度下MPA的吸收效率
Figure 2. Absorption efficiency of MPA at different temperature of VO2.
图 3 VO2不同温度下MPA磁场分布 (a) TV = 5 ℃; (b) TV = 68 ℃
Figure 3. Magnetic field distribution of MPA at different temperature of VO2: (a) TV = 5 ℃; (b) TV = 68 ℃.
图 4 温度对VO2折射率和消光系数的影响 (a) 折射率n; (b)消光系数k
Figure 4. The influence of temperature on the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of VO2: (a) Refractive index n; (b) extinction coefficient k.
图 5 石墨烯化学势对MPA吸收波长的影响
Figure 5. The effect of graphene chemical potential on the absorption wavelength of MPA.
图 6 石墨烯化学势对石墨烯等效折射率的影响
Figure 6. The effect of graphene chemical potential on the equivalent refractive index of graphene.
图 7 纳米柱半径对MPA吸收特性的影响
Figure 7. The influence of nano column radius on the absorption characteristics of MPA.
图 8 纳米柱半径对MPA结构等效折射率nq的影响
Figure 8. The influence of nano column radius on the equivalent refractive nq of MPA.
图 9 纳米柱厚度对MPA吸收特性的影响
Figure 9. The influence of nano column thickness on the absorption characteristics of MPA.
图 10 VO2厚度对MPA吸收特性的影响
Figure 10. The influence of VO2 thickness on the absorption characteristics of MPA.
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[1] Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402
Google Scholar
[2] Liu X L, Starr T, Starr A F, Padilla W J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 207403
Google Scholar
[3] Lei L, Li S, Hang H X, Tao K Y, Xu P 2018 Opt. Express 8 1031
Google Scholar
[4] Wen D, Yue F, Li G, Zheng G, Chan K, Chen S, Chen M, Li K F 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8241
Google Scholar
[5] Chen L, Liao D G, Guo X G 2019 Front. Inform. Technol. Electron. Eng. 20 591
Google Scholar
[6] Bian B, Liu S, Wang S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 194511
Google Scholar
[7] Yin S, Zhu J F, Xu W D, Jiang W, Yuan J, Yin G 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 073903
Google Scholar
[8] Xiao Z, Tang J 2017 Mater. Lett. 192 21
Google Scholar
[9] Shrekenhamer D, Chen W C, Padilla W J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 177403
Google Scholar
[10] Ling K, Kim H K, Yoo M, Lim S 2015 Sensors (Basel) 15 28154
Google Scholar
[11] Liu M K, Susli M, Silva D, Putrino G, Kala H, Fan S T, Cole M 2017 Microsyst. Nanoeng. 3 17033
Google Scholar
[12] Hashemi M R M, Yang S H, Wang T 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 35439
Google Scholar
[13] Pradhan J K, Ramakrishna S A, Rajeswaran B 2017 Opt. Express 25 9116
Google Scholar
[14] Naorem R, Dayal G, Anantha Ramakrishna S 2015 Opt. Commun. 346 154
Google Scholar
[15] Liu Z M, Li Y 2017 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50 38
[16] 陈浩, 张晓霞, 王鸿, 姬月华 2018 67 118101
Google Scholar
Chen H, Zhang X X, Wang H, Ji Y H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 118101
Google Scholar
[17] 李小兵, 陆卫兵, 刘震国, 陈昊 2018 67 184101
Google Scholar
Li X B, Lu W B, Liu Z G, Chen H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 184101
Google Scholar
[18] Yao G, Ling F, Yue J 2016 Opt. Express 24 1518
Google Scholar
[19] Fan C Z, Tian Y C, Ren P W 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 076105
Google Scholar
[20] Ding C F, Jiang L K, Wu L, Gao R M 2015 Opt. Commun. 350 103
Google Scholar
[21] Lee K, Choi H J, Son J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14403
Google Scholar
[22] 杨海波, 胡明, 梁继然 2008 物理化学学报 6 101
Yang L B, Hu M, Liang J R 2008 Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 6 101
[23] Kischkat J, Peters S, Gruska B 2012 Appl. Optics 51 6789
Google Scholar
[24] Su Z, Yin J, Zhao X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1679
Google Scholar
[25] 江孝伟, 武华, 袁寿财 2019 68 138101
Google Scholar
Jiang X W, Wu H, Yuan S C 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 138101
Google Scholar
[26] 张会云, 黄晓燕, 陈琦 2016 65 18101
Google Scholar
Zhang H Y, Huang X Y, Chen Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 18101
Google Scholar
[27] Lu H, Cumming B P, Gu M 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 3647
Google Scholar
[28] 乔文涛, 龚健, 张利伟 2015 64 237301
Google Scholar
Qiao W T, Gong J, Zhang L W 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 237301
Google Scholar
[29] Vasko F T, Ryzhii V 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 233404
Google Scholar
[30] Mun B S, Yoon J, Mo S K 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 1039
Google Scholar
[31] Currie M, Mastro M A, Wheeler V D 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 1697
Google Scholar
[32] Yao Y, Kats M A, Genevet P, Yu N, Song Y 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1257
Google Scholar
[33] Vakil A, Engheta N 2011 Science 332 1291
Google Scholar
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