Efficient and stable blue perovskite light emitting diodes based on defect passivation

Wu Hai-Yan; Tang Jian-Xin; Li Yan-Qing

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200566

Abstract

Solution-processable metal halide perovskites materials have many advantages, such as adjustable band gap, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), high color purity, high carrier mobility, low temperature solution process, excellent charge transport property and so on. These make them potential application in the display field. In the past few years, the device performance of perovskite light emitting devices (PeLEDs) have been greatly improved by manipulating the perovskite microstructures through various strategies, such as stoichiometry control, dimensional engineering, defect passivation and so on. At present, except for blue PeLEDs, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 20% have been achieved for green, red, and near-infrared PeLEDs. The low efficiency of blue PeLEDs is retarding their potential applications in full-color display and solid-state lighting. The main reasons in blue PeLEDs are the poor film coverage of blue perovskite materials and the spectral instability during device operation. In order to improve the quality of perovskite film and device performance, the quasi two-dimensional perovskite materials phenylethylammonium cesium lead bromide chloride (PEA_xCsPbBr_3–yCl_y) are used as the main perovskite emission material, by partially replacing Br with Cl to enlarge their bandgap to achieve the blue emission. The Lewis base polyethyleneglycol (PEG) is introduced to passivate the surface trapping defects and improve perovskite film coverage. The potassium bromide (KBr) is introduced to reduce perovskite grain size, suppress mobile ion migration and exhibit excellent spectral stability. Dual additives PEG and KBr are incorporated into the quasi-2D blue perovskite for inhibiting the nonradiative losses by passivating the traps in the perovskite films. Eventually, the PEA_xCsPbBr_3–yCl_y + PEG + KBr based blue PeLEDs with the emission peak of 488 nm are accompanied, which maximum brightness, current efficiency, and external quantum efficiency reached 1049 cd·m^–2, of 5.68 cd·A^–1, and of 4.6%, respectively, with high color purity (the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates is (0.0747, 0.2570)) and the narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 20 nm. Compare to the devices without additives, the efficiency has increased by nearly 3 times. Furthermore, the devices also show better spectral stability and operation lifetime. This work provides an effective method of blue PeLEDs toward the practical applications.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
2.
School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Corresponding author: Li Yan-Qing, yqli@phy.ecnu.edu.cn

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References

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Cited By

图 1 基于PEA_xCsPbBr_3–_yCl_y + PEG + KBr钙钛矿前驱体溶液的合成路线

Figure 1. Synthesis of PEA_xCsPbBr_3–_yCl_y + PEG + KBr based perovskite precursor solution

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 含有不同添加剂的PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y钙钛矿薄膜SEM图像, 标尺为200 nm

Figure 2. SEM images of PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y perovskite films with different additives, the scale bar is 200 nm

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 含有不同添加剂的PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y钙钛矿晶粒尺寸分布柱状图

Figure 3. Histograms of grain size distributions of PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y perovskite films with different additives.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 含有不同添加剂的PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y钙钛矿薄膜在PEDOT:PSS上的XRD图谱

Figure 4. XRD patterns of various PEA_xCsPbBr_3-_yCl_y perovskite films with different additives on PEDOT:PSS.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 含有不同添加剂的PEA_xCsPbBr_3–_yCl_y钙钛矿薄膜的光学性能表征　(a) PL光谱; (b) PLQY; (c)TRPL曲线

Figure 5. Optical characterization of PEA_xCsPbBr_3–_yCl_y perovskite films with different additives: (a) PL spectroscopy; (b) PLQY; (b) TRPL decay curves.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) PeLEDs的器件结构示意图; (b) PeLEDs的截面SEM图像

Figure 6. (a) Device structure diagram of PeLEDs; (b) Cross-sectional SEM images of PeLEDs

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 含有不同添加剂的PeLEDs电学性能表征　(a)电流密度-电压-亮度(J-V-L); (b)电流效率-电流密度-外量子效率(CE-J-EQE); (c)归一化后的EL光谱图; (d)国际照明委员会(CIE)色坐标图

Figure 7. Electrical performance characteristics of PeLEDs with different additives: (a) Current density-voltage-luminance(J-V-L); (b) current efficiency-current density-external quantum efficiency(CE-J-EQE); (c) the normalized EL spectra; (d) the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a)含有不同添加剂的PeLEDs寿命特性图. 含有不同添加剂的PeLEDs在T₀与T₅₀时对应的EL光谱 (b)标准器件; (c)有PEG; (d)有PEG与KBr

Figure 8. (a) Operating lifetime characteristics of PeLEDs with different additives. The corresponding EL spectra of PeLEDs with different additives at T₀ and T₅₀: (b) Control; (c) with PEG; (d) with PEG+KBr

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 PeLEDs光谱稳定性　(a)标准器件; (b)有PEG; (c)有PEG与KBr

Figure 9. The spectral stability of PeLEDs: (a) Control; (b) with PEG; (c) with PEG + KBr.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 5.7 V下, PeLEDs不同工作时长的EL光谱图　(a)标准器件; (b)有PEG; (c)有PEG与KBr

Figure 10. The EL spectra of PeLEDs with different working minutes at 5.7 V: (a) Control; (b) with PEG; (c) with PEG+KBr.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 含有不同添加剂钙钛矿发光层的蓝光PeLEDs性能

Table 1. The performance of blue PeLEDs with different additive perovskite materials.

Devices Max.
L/cd·m^–2 CE/cd·A^–1 EQE/% EL
peak/nm

Control 779 1.62 1.2 488
PEG 1038 3.69 3.0 488
PEG+KBr 1049 5.68 4.6 488

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Zhang X, Liu H, Wang W, Zhang J, Xu B, Karen K L, Zheng Y, Liu S, Chen S, Wang K, Sun X W 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606405 Google Scholar
[2]	姚鑫, 丁艳丽, 张晓丹, 赵颖 2015 64 038805 Google Scholar Yao X, Ding Y L, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 038805 Google Scholar
[3]	Stranks S D, Eperon G E, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer M J, Leijtens T, Herz L M, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2013 Science 342 341 Google Scholar
[4]	Liu D, Kelly T L 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 133 Google Scholar
[5]	Dong Q, Fang Y, Shao Y, Mulligan P, Qiu J, Cao L, Huang J 2015 Science 347 967 Google Scholar
[6]	Brenner P, Stulz M, Kapp D, Abzieher T, Paetzold U W, Quintilla A, Howard I A, Kalt H, Lemmer U 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 141106 Google Scholar
[7]	Wang Y C, Li H, Hong Y H, Hong K B, Chen F C, Hsu C H, Lee R K, Conti C, Kao T S, Lu T C 2019 ACS Nano 13 5421 Google Scholar
[8]	Xiao Z G, Kerner R A, Zhao L F, Tran N L, Lee K M, Koh T W, Scholes G D, Rand B P 2017 Nat. Photonics 11 108 Google Scholar
[9]	Wang N, Cheng L, Ge R, Zhang S, Miao Y, Zou W, Yi C, Sun Y, Cao Y, Yang R, Wei Y, Guo Q, Ke Y, Yu M, Jin Y, Liu Y, Ding Q, Di D, Yang L, Xing G, Tian H, Jin C, Gao F, Friend R H, Wang J, Huang W 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 699 Google Scholar
[10]	Lin K, Xing J, Quan L N, de Arquer F P G, Gong X W, Lu J X, Xie L Q, Zhao W J, Zhang D, Yan C Z, Li W Q, Liu X Y, Lu Y, Kirman J, Sargent E H, Xiong Q H, Wei Z H 2018 Nature 562 245 Google Scholar
[11]	Turkevych I, Kazaoui S, Belich N A, Grishko A Y, Fateev S A, Petrov A A, Urano T, Aramaki S, Kosar S, Kondo M, Goodilin E A, Graetzel M, Tarasov A B 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 57 Google Scholar
[12]	Tavakoli M M, Yadav P, Prochowicz D, Sponspeller M, Osheov A, Bulovic V, Kong J 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1803587 Google Scholar
[13]	Tan Z K, Moghaddam R S, Lai M L, Docampo P, Higler R, Deschler F, Price M, Sadhanala A, Pazos L M, Credgington D, Hanusch F, Bein T, Snaith H J, Friend R H 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 687 Google Scholar
[14]	Cho H, Jeong S H, Park M H, Kim Y H, Wolf C, Lee C L, Heo J H, Sadhanala A, Myoung N, Yoo S, Im S H, Friend R H, Lee T W 2015 Science 350 1222 Google Scholar
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[18]	Li Z, Chen Z, Yang Y, Xue Q, Yip H L, Cao Y 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1027 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang K H, Peng Y, Ge J, Jiang S, Zhu B S, Yao J, Yin Y C, Yang J N, Zhang Q, Yao H B 2018 ACS Photonics 6 667 Google Scholar
[20]	Cao Y, Wang N, Tian H, Guo J, Wei Y, Chen H, Miao Y, Zou W, Pan K, He Y, Cao H, Ke Y, Xu M, Wang Y, Yang M, Du K, Fu Z, Kong D, Dai D, Jin Y, Li G, Li H, Peng Q, Wang J, Huang W 2018 Nature 562 249 Google Scholar
[21]	Xu W, Hu Q, Bai S, Bao C, Miao Y, Yuan Z, Borzda T, Barker A J, Tyukalova E, Hu Z, Kawecki M, Wang H, Yan Z, Liu X, Shi X, Uvdal K, Fahlman M, Zhang W, Duchamp M, Liu J M, Petrozza A, Wang J, Liu L M, Huang W, Gao F 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 418 Google Scholar
[22]	Liu Y, Cui J, Du K, Tian H, He Z, Zhou Q, Yang Z, Deng Y, Chen D, Zuo X, Ren Y, Wang L, Zhu H, Zhao B, Di D, Wang J, Friend R H, Jin Y 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 760 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang Q, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhou N, Deng Y, Zhao J, Xiao X, Rudd P, Moran A, Yan Y, Huang J 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 5633 Google Scholar
[24]	Kumawat N K, Dey A, Kumar A, Gopinathan S P, Narasimhan K L, Kabra D 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 13119 Google Scholar
[25]	Kim H P, Kim J, Kim B S, Kim H M, Kim J, Yusoff A R b M, Jang J, Nazeeruddin M K 2017 Adv. Opt. Mater. 5 1600920 Google Scholar
[26]	Wang Q, Ren J, Peng X F, Ji X X, Yang X H 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 29901 Google Scholar
[27]	Vashishtha P, Ng M, Shivarudraiah S B, Halpert J E 2018 Chem. Mater. 31 83 Google Scholar
[28]	Cheng L, Cao Y, Ge R, Wei Y Q, Wang N N, Wang J P, Huang W 2017 Chin. Chem. Lett. 28 29 Google Scholar
[29]	段聪聪, 程露, 殷垚, 朱琳 2019 68 158503 Google Scholar Duan C C, Chen L, Yin Y, Zhu L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 158503 Google Scholar
[30]	Jiang Y, Qin C, Cui M, He T, Liu K, Huang Y, Luo M, Zhang L, Xu H, Li S, Wei J, Liu Z, Wang H, Kim G H, Yuan M, Chen J 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1868 Google Scholar
[31]	Ren Z, Xiao X, Ma R, Lin H, Wang K, Sun X W, Choy W C H 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1905339 Google Scholar
[32]	Zheng F, Chen W, Bu T, Ghiggino K P, Huang F, Cheng Y, Tapping P, Kee T W, Jia B, Wen X 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1901016 Google Scholar
[33]	黎振超, 陈梓铭, 邹广锐兴, 叶轩立, 曹镛 2019 68 158505 Google Scholar Li Z C, Chen Z M, Zou G R X, Yip H L, Cao Y 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 158505 Google Scholar
[34]	Li G, Tan Z K, Di D, Lai M L, Jiang L, Lim J H W, Friend R H, Greenham N C 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2640 Google Scholar
[35]	Edri E, Kirmayer S, Kulbak M, Hodes G, Cahen D 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 429 Google Scholar
[36]	Shi H, Du M H 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 174103 Google Scholar
[37]	Zou W, Li R, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang N, Cao Y, Miao Y, Xu M, Guo Q, Di D, Zhang L, Yi C, Gao F, Friend R H, Wang J, Huang W 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 608 Google Scholar
[38]	Yang Y, Zheng Y, Cao W, Titov A, Hyvonen J, Manders J R, Xue J, Holloway P H, Qian L 2015 Nat. Photonics 9 259 Google Scholar
[39]	王继飞, 林东旭, 袁永波 2019 68 158501 Google Scholar Wang J F, Lin D X, Yuan Y B 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 158501 Google Scholar

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Vol. 69, Issue 13 - 2020-07-05

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