Progress in perovskite solar cells based on different buffer layer materials

Chen Yong-Liang; Tang Ya-Wen; Chen Pei-Run; Zhang Li; Liu Qi; Zhao Ying; Huang Qian; Zhang Xiao-Dan

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200543

Abstract

Based on the excellent optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrids perovskite materials, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is rapidly increasing. However, factors that restrict the performance of PSCs still exist, such as interface and stability problems. Problems, such as band mismatching, carrier recombination and chemical reaction between interfaces, could be alleviated by introducing a buffer layer (BL) with a proper band structure between different layers. Moreover, stability as well as charge separation and collection could also be efficiently improved in PSCs. In this paper, an overview of the most contemporary strategies of BLs was provided. The passivation mechanism of BLs at different interfaces are highlighted and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the performances of recently developed BLs in PSCs are compared. Finally, we elaborate on the remaining challenges and future directions for the development of BLs to achieve high-efficiency and high-stability PSCs.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Photo-Electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Photo-Electronics Thin Film Devices and Technique of Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, China
3.
Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China

Corresponding author: Huang Qian, carolinehq@nankai.edu.cn

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References

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Cited By

图 1 钙钛矿太阳电池的结构图和能级图　(a) 结构图; (b) 能级图

Figure 1. Structure and energy band diagram of perovskite solar cell: (a) Structure; (b) Energy band diagram.

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图 2 空穴传输层与阳极之间的缓冲层能级图

Figure 2. Energy level diagram of the buffer layer between the hole transport layer and the anode.

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图 3 有无浓度25 mg·ml^–1NiO缓冲层的50个单独钙钛矿太阳电池的效率分布图^[14]

Figure 3. PCE distribution of 50 individual PSCs with and without 25 mg·ml^–1 NiO buffer layer^[14].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 电子传输层与阴极之间的缓冲层能级图

Figure 4. Energy level diagram of the buffer layer between the electron transport layer and the cathode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 不同TPBi缓冲层厚度钙钛矿太阳电池I-V图及不同结构电池的EQE图^[26]　(a) I-V图; (b) EQE曲线

Figure 5. I-V diagram of perovskite solar cell with different TPBi buffer layer thickness and different structure cell EQE diagram^[26]: (a) I-V diagram; (b) EQE diagram.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 Perovskite/PCBM和Perovskite/PCBM/Zr(Ac)₄薄膜的AFM图及其表面I、N、Pb元素含量的XPS图谱；有无Zr(Ac)₄缓冲层钙钛矿太阳电池的最优电池J-V图^[30]　(a) Perovskite/PCBM; (b) Perovskite/PCBM/Zr(Ac)₄; (c) XPS图谱; (d) J-V图

Figure 6. AFM diagram of Perovskite/PCBM and Perovskite/PCBM/Zr(Ac)₄ films and XPS spectra showing the different amount of I, N and Pb elements on the films surface; the J-V characteristics of the optimized device perovskite solar cell with and without Zr(Ac)₄ buffer layer^[30]: (a) Perovskite/PCBM; (b) Perovskite/PCBM/Zr(Ac)₄; (c) XPS spectra; (d) J-V diagram.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 ITO/SnO₂/perovskite与ITO/PEI/SnO₂/perovskite的AFM图、PL图及有无PEI缓冲层最优电池的入射光子-电流转换效率图(IPCE)^[20]　(a) ITO/SnO₂/perovskite; (b) ITO/PEI/SnO₂/perovskite; (c) PL图; (d) IPCE图

Figure 7. The AFM images and the steady state PL spectra of ITO/PEI/SnO₂/perovskite and ITO/SnO₂/perovskite, and the IPCE spectra of the champion devices with and without PEI buffer layer^[20]: (a) ITO/SnO₂/perovskite; (b) ITO/PEI/SnO₂/perovskite; (c) PL spectra; (d) IPCE spectra.

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图 8 空穴传输层与吸收层之间的缓冲层能级图

Figure 8. Energy level diagram of the buffer layer between the hole transport layer and the absorption layer.

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图 9 优化的GO作缓冲层的钙钛矿太阳电池J-V及重要参数图^[33]

Figure 9. The J-V characteristics of the optimized device and important parameter table of perovskite solar cell with GO buffer layer^[33].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 1: Glass/Perovskite; 2: Glass/CuPc/Perovskite; 3: Glass/CuPc/Al₂O₃/Perovskite; 4: Glass/CuPc/GO/Perovskite结构的PL图^[18]

Figure 10. The luminescence spectra of structure of 1: Glass/Perovskite, 2: Glass/CuPc/Perovskite, 3: Glass/CuPc/Al₂O₃/Perovskite and 4: Glass/CuPc/GO/Perovskite^[18]

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图 11 电子传输层与吸收层之间的缓冲层能级图

Figure 11. Energy level diagram of the buffer layer between the electron transport layer and the absorption layer.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 在85 ℃下, 对两种不同厚度的PCBM缓冲层加热168小时后, 获得的基于CH₃NH₃PbI₃吸收层钙钛矿太阳电池归一化的V_oc, J_sc, FF和PCE^[41]

Figure 12. After heating 168 hours of two different thicknesses of PCBM buffer at 85 ℃, obtained a normalized V_oc, J_sc, FF and PCE based on CH₃NH₃PbI₃ absorber layer perovskite solar cells^[41].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 ITO/ZnO/TiO₂(x cycle)/钙钛矿结构的XRD图(a)和PL图(b)^[17]

Figure 13. XRD patterns (a) and PL spectra (b) of perovskite films on Glass/ITO/ZnO/TiO₂ (x cycles) substrates with various x values^[17].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 14 PET/SnO₂/Perovskite和PET/SnO₂/C₆₀-SAM/Perovskite结构的PL图谱(a)和 TRPL图谱(b)^[45]

Figure 14. Steady-state photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence decay of perovskite films with and without C₆₀-SAM^[45]: (a) PL spectra; (b) TRPL spectra.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

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[2]	Green M A, Ho-Baillie A, Snaith H J 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 506 Google Scholar
[3]	Stranks S D, Snaith H J 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 391 Google Scholar
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[9]	Best research-cell efficiencies http://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/ images/efficiencychart.png
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[13]	Chen Y J, Li M H, Chen P 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 7646 Google Scholar
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[34]	Ghani F, Kristen J, Riegler H 2012 J. Chem. Eng. Data 57 439 Google Scholar
[35]	Li W Z, Dong H P, Wang L D, Li N, Guo X D, Li J W, Qiu Y 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 13587 Google Scholar
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[43]	Azmi R, Lee C L, Jung I H, Jang S Y 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1702934 Google Scholar
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[45]	Liu X Y, Yang X D, Liu X S, Zhao Y N, Chen J Y, Gu Y Z 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 203903 Google Scholar

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Vol. 69, Issue 13 - 2020-07-05

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