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Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide glass is environmentally friendly, and has wide infrared transmitting window, high optical nonlinearity, as well as good mechanical property. These make it a good material for infrared transmission and nonlinear optics. In optical designs, the refractive index (n) and thermo-optic coefficient (ζ) of the glass are key technical parameters. In order to predict and tailor the n and ζ of Ge-Sb-Se glass, compositions with different chemical and topological features are prepared, their n, ζ, density (d) and volume expansion coefficient (β) are measured, and the composition dependence of the parameters is systematically investigated. The chemical feature of the glass is quantified by the percentage deviation of the composition from the stoichiometric ratio and denoted as dSe. The topological feature is represented by the mean coordination number <r> of each atom in the composition. It is shown that the n of Ge-Sb-Se glass increases with d increasing; the ζ decreases almost linearly with β increasing; and the β decreases with dSe decreasing or <r> increasing. When the Ge content is fixed, the d increases with dSe decreasing or <r> increasing; when the Sb concentration is fixed, the d has a minimum value at dSe=0. Based on the measured d and n, the molar refractivity (Ri) of Ge, Sb and Se elements in a spectral range of 2-12 μm are calculated. The obtained value of RGe is in a range of 10.16-10.50 cm3/mol, RSd in a range of 16.71-17.08 cm3/mol, and RSe in a range of 11.15-11.21 cm3/mol. When the Ri and d are used to compute n of any composition, the discrepancy between the calculated value and the measured one is less than 1%. According to the measured ζ and β, the thermal coefficients of the molar refractivity (φi) of Ge, Sb, and Se elements in a wavelength region of 2-12 μm are computed. The optimal value of φGe is in a range of 21.1-22.6 ppm/K, φSb in a range of 7.2-8.4 ppm/K, and φSe in a range of 90.2-94.2 ppm/K. When the φi and β are used to compute ζ of any composition, the discrepancy between the calculated value and the measured value is less than 6 ppm/K.
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Keywords:
- optical materials /
- chalcogenide glasses /
- molar refractivity /
- volume expansion coefficient
[1] Zhang X H, Guimond Y, Bellec Y 2003 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326 519
[2] Cha D, Kim H, Hwang Y, Jeong J, Kim J 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 5649
[3] Qi S S, Zhang B, Zhai C C, Li Y C, Yang A P, Yu Y, Tang D Y, Yang Z Y, Luther-Davies B 2017 Opt. Express 25 26148
[4] Adam J L, Zhang X H 2014 Chalcogenide Glasses: Preparation, Properties and Applications (Oxford: Woodhead Publishing) pp438-470
[5] Singh V, Lin P, Patel N, Lin H, Li L, Zou Y, Deng F, Ni C, Hu J, Giammarco J, Soliani A, Zdyrko B, Luzinov I, Novak S, Novak J, Wachtel P, Danto S, Musgraves J, Richardson K, Kimerling L, Agarwal A 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 014603
[6] Ma P, Choi D, Yu Y, Yang Z Y, Vu K, Thach N, Mitchell A, Luther-Davies B, Madden S 2015 Opt. Express 23 19969
[7] Yan T Y, Shen X, Wang R P, Wang G X, Dai S X, Xu T F, Nie Q H 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 024213
[8] Dai S X, Wang Y Y, Pen X F, Zhang P Q, Wang X S, Xu Y S 2018 Appl. Sci. Basel 8 707
[9] Bernier M, Fortin V, Caron N, El-Amraoui M, Messaddeq Y, Vallee R 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 127
[10] Kabakova I, Pant R, Winful H, Eggleton B 2014 J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 23 1450001
[11] Zhang B, Yu Y, Zhai C C, Qi S S, Wang Y W, Yang A P, Gai X, Wang R P, Yang Z Y, Luther-Davies B 2016 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 99 2565
[12] Zhang X Y, Chen F F, Zhang X H, Ji W 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 084208
[13] Gleason B, Richardson K, Sisken L, Smith C 2016 Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 7 374
[14] Wang T, Gulbiten O, Wang R, Yang Z, Smith A, Luther-Davies B, Lucas P 2014 J. Phys. Chem. B 118 1436
[15] Wang Y W, Qi S S, Yang Z Y, Wang R P, Yang A P, Lucas P 2017 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 459 88
[16] Thorpe M F 1983 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 57 355
[17] Woollam J A, Johs B D, Herzinger C M, Hilfiker J N, Synowicki R A, Bungay C L 1999 Proc. SPIE CR72 3
[18] Prod'homme L 1960 Phys. Chem. Glasses 1 119
[19] Wei W H, Wang R P, Shen X, Fang L, Luther-Davies B 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 16571
[20] Han X, Tao H, Gong L, Wang X, Zhao X, Yue Y 2014 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 391 117
[21] Feltz A 1993 Amorphous Inorganic Materials and Glasses (Weinheim: VCH) pp46-258
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[1] Zhang X H, Guimond Y, Bellec Y 2003 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326 519
[2] Cha D, Kim H, Hwang Y, Jeong J, Kim J 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 5649
[3] Qi S S, Zhang B, Zhai C C, Li Y C, Yang A P, Yu Y, Tang D Y, Yang Z Y, Luther-Davies B 2017 Opt. Express 25 26148
[4] Adam J L, Zhang X H 2014 Chalcogenide Glasses: Preparation, Properties and Applications (Oxford: Woodhead Publishing) pp438-470
[5] Singh V, Lin P, Patel N, Lin H, Li L, Zou Y, Deng F, Ni C, Hu J, Giammarco J, Soliani A, Zdyrko B, Luzinov I, Novak S, Novak J, Wachtel P, Danto S, Musgraves J, Richardson K, Kimerling L, Agarwal A 2014 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 15 014603
[6] Ma P, Choi D, Yu Y, Yang Z Y, Vu K, Thach N, Mitchell A, Luther-Davies B, Madden S 2015 Opt. Express 23 19969
[7] Yan T Y, Shen X, Wang R P, Wang G X, Dai S X, Xu T F, Nie Q H 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 024213
[8] Dai S X, Wang Y Y, Pen X F, Zhang P Q, Wang X S, Xu Y S 2018 Appl. Sci. Basel 8 707
[9] Bernier M, Fortin V, Caron N, El-Amraoui M, Messaddeq Y, Vallee R 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 127
[10] Kabakova I, Pant R, Winful H, Eggleton B 2014 J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 23 1450001
[11] Zhang B, Yu Y, Zhai C C, Qi S S, Wang Y W, Yang A P, Gai X, Wang R P, Yang Z Y, Luther-Davies B 2016 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 99 2565
[12] Zhang X Y, Chen F F, Zhang X H, Ji W 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 084208
[13] Gleason B, Richardson K, Sisken L, Smith C 2016 Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 7 374
[14] Wang T, Gulbiten O, Wang R, Yang Z, Smith A, Luther-Davies B, Lucas P 2014 J. Phys. Chem. B 118 1436
[15] Wang Y W, Qi S S, Yang Z Y, Wang R P, Yang A P, Lucas P 2017 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 459 88
[16] Thorpe M F 1983 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 57 355
[17] Woollam J A, Johs B D, Herzinger C M, Hilfiker J N, Synowicki R A, Bungay C L 1999 Proc. SPIE CR72 3
[18] Prod'homme L 1960 Phys. Chem. Glasses 1 119
[19] Wei W H, Wang R P, Shen X, Fang L, Luther-Davies B 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 16571
[20] Han X, Tao H, Gong L, Wang X, Zhao X, Yue Y 2014 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 391 117
[21] Feltz A 1993 Amorphous Inorganic Materials and Glasses (Weinheim: VCH) pp46-258
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