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There often appears unwanted elasto-optical birefringence in optical devices such as electro-optical, magneto-optical modulators and sensors when they are manufactured and used. This kind of elasto-optical birefringence causes unwanted effect for optical device and needs to be removed. Based on the method of index ellipsoid analysis, we theoretically analyze elasto-optical effects in various point groups of optical crystals and glasses, and accordingly propose some methods to eliminate unwanted elasto-optical birefringences in optical crystals and glasses. Main conclusions show that for orthorhombic biaxial crystal and the light wave propagating along any one crystalline axis of the crystal, if there is no shearing stress and the two external normal stresses applied to the other two crystalline axes can keep a constant ratio related to crystal parameters including refractive index and photoelastic constants, then unwanted elasto-optical birefringence can be eliminated from relevant optical devices, typical crystals include potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) crystal and rubidium titanium oxide phosphate (RbTiOPO4, RTP) crystal, which are usually used as electrooptic Q-switchers in laser systems. For all the uniaxial crystyals such as potassium dihydron phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP), beta-barium borate ( -BaB2O4, BBO) and lithiun niobate (LiNbO3, LN) crystals, cubic crystals of 43 m, 432, m3 m point groups such as bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12, BGO) crystal, and optical glasses, if the two normal stresses applied to the x1- and x2- crystalline axes of the crystal are equal to each other and there is no shearing stress, or there exists only one normal stress applied to the x3- crystalline axis of the crystal, then for the light wave propagating along the x3- crystalline axis, unwanted elasto-optical birefringence in relevant optical devices can also be eliminated. The above-proposed method to remove unwanted elasto-optical birefringence is benificial to design, manufacture, and usage of related optical devices.
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Keywords:
- elasto-optical effects /
- birefringence /
- electro-optical effects /
- optical devices
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[31] Liu G Q, Yue Z Q, Shen D F 2001 Magnetooptics (Shanghai: Shanghai Science Technology Press) pp165-189 (in Chinese) [刘公强, 乐志强, 沈德芳 2001 磁光学 (上海: 上海科学技术出版社) 第 165189 页].
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[1] Nye J F 1957 Physical Properties of Crystals (London: Oxford University Press) pp241-259
[2] Liao Y B 2003 Polarization Optics (Beijing: China Science Press) pp130-133, 137-155 (in Chinese) [廖延彪 2003 偏振光学(北京:科学出版社) 第 130133, 137155 页]
[3] Li K W, Wang Z B, Chen Y H, Yang C Q, Zhang R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 184206 (in Chinese) [李克武, 王志斌, 陈友华, 杨常青, 张瑞 2015 64 184206]
[4] Li C S 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 074207 (in Chinese) [李长胜 2014 63 074207]
[5] Li C S 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 5315
[6] Li C S, Yuan Y 2014 Acta Opt. Sin. 34 0428001 (in Chinese) [李长胜, 袁媛 2014 光学学报 34 0428001]
[7] Yariv A 1997 Optical Electronics in Modern Communications (5th Ed.) (London: Oxford University Press) pp326-367, 474-490
[8] Chu W S, Heo S W, Oh M C 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 4730
[9] Chen Y H, Zhang J L, Wang Y C, Wei H C, Wang Z B, Zhang R, Wang L F 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 1116002 (in Chinese) [陈友华, 张记龙, 王艳超, 魏海潮, 王志斌, 张瑞, 王立福 2012 光学学报 32 11160021]
[10] Li C S, Cui X, Li B S, Liao Y B 2000 High Voltage Engineer. 26 40 (in Chinese) [李长胜, 崔翔, 李宝树, 廖延彪 2000 高电压技术 26 40]
[11] Savchenkov A A, Liang W, Ilchenko V S, Dale E, Savchenkova E A, Matsko A B, Seidel D, Maleki L 2014 AIP Adv. 4 122901
[12] Xu D X, Cheben P, Dalacu D, Delage A, Janz S, Lamontagne B, Picard M J, Ye W N 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2384
[13] Cen Z F, Li X T 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5784 (in Chinese) [岑兆丰, 李晓彤 2010 59 5784]
[14] Lee K S 1990 Appl. Opt. 29 4453
[15] Perciante C D, Aparicio S, Illa R, Ferrari J A 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 5708
[16] Wang P, Tian W, Wang R D, Wang L P 2013 Chin. Opt. 6 57 (in Chinese) [王平, 田伟, 王汝冬, 王立朋 2013 中国光学 6 57]
[17] Chen W F, Wei Z J, Guo L, Hou L Y, Wang G, Wang J D, Zhang Z M, Guo J P, Liu S H 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 080304
[18] Khazanov E, Andreev N, Babin A, Kiselev A, Palashov O 2000 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17 99
[19] Cao D X, Zhang X J, He S B, Wu D S, Zheng W G, Tan J C 2007 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 19 548 (in Chinese) [曹丁象, 张雄军, 贺少勃, 吴登生, 郑万国, 谭吉春 2007 强激光与粒子束 19 548]
[20] Wang F Z, Chen B, Sun J, Dou F F, Zhang L, Hu Y Z, Xu J J 2013 J. Synth. Cryst. 42 1315 (in Chinese) [王富章, 陈彬, 孙军, 窦飞飞, 张玲, 胡永钊, 许京军 2013 人工晶体学报 42 1315]
[21] Vyatkin A G, Khazanov E A 2015 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 51 1700108
[22] Huang J, Hu X H, Chen W B 2015 Chin. Opt. Lett. 13 021402
[23] Zheng X P, Liao Y B 2000 Acta Opt. Sin. 20 1684 (in Chinese) [郑小平, 廖延彪 2000 光学学报 20 1684]
[24] Zhang J, Zhang X J, Wu D S, Tian X L, Li M Z, Zheng K X 2011 Infrared and Laser Engineer. 40 1662 (in Chinese) [张君, 张雄军, 吴登生, 田晓琳, 李明中, 郑奎兴 2011 红外与激光工程 40 1662]
[25] Li L J, Zhang W J, Li H, Pan R 2013 Appl. Opt. 52 8706
[26] Wolfe R, Fratelio V J, McGlashan-Powell M 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 1221
[27] Wang J Y, Guo Y J, Li J, Zhang H J 2010 Mater. China 29 49 (in Chinese) [王继扬, 郭永解, 李静, 张怀金 2010 中国材料进展 29 49]
[28] Ebbers C A, Velsko S P 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 593
[29] Li X M, Shen X J, Liu X, Wang L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 094205 (in Chinese) [李晓明, 沈学举, 刘恂, 王琳 2015 64 094205]
[30] Jaecklin A A, Lietz M 1972 Appl. Opt. 11 617
[31] Liu G Q, Yue Z Q, Shen D F 2001 Magnetooptics (Shanghai: Shanghai Science Technology Press) pp165-189 (in Chinese) [刘公强, 乐志强, 沈德芳 2001 磁光学 (上海: 上海科学技术出版社) 第 165189 页].
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