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Metamaterials, composed of subwavelength building blocks with artificial electric/magnetic response, have attracted the intensive interest due to the unprecedented controllability of electromagnetic (EM) waves and the potential applications. Nonetheless, the resonance of the metallic building block induces a strong loss, severely limiting the performance. Dielectric particle based subwavelength structures provide an alternative choice for the manipulation of EM waves, meanwhile, circumventing the loss problem inevitable for metallic metamaterials, in particular, in optical regime. It is shown that this kind of metamaterial can be used to guide the surface wave with the dielectric particle chain, which is similar to the surface plasmon mediated wave guiding. The structure is also shown to be capable of implementing negative refraction with negligible loss theoretically and experimentally. In addition, the single-layer dielectric rod array can be used to achieve omnidirectional total reflection at subwavelength scale. To further extend the functionality of dielectric based metamaterials and make them more appropriate for integrated optics, a variety of experimentally feasible configurations should be designed. In this work, based on the Mie scattering theory and the multiple scattering theory, we investigate the manipulation of EM waves through a single-layer subwavelength dielectric rod array (SDRA) and particle coupled system. Our results show that by removing the central dielectric rod in the SDRA and at the beam focus, like a vacancy defect, a normal incident transverse electric polarized Gaussian beam is weakly transmitted with an efficiency of less than 12 percent. By further introducing a dielectric rod with optimized parameters on the incident side of the vacancy defect, an enhanced transmitted EM wave with an efficiency of 36 percent is exhibited, nearly triple that with a solely vacancy defect. By adding another identical dielectric rod symmetrically on the outgoing side of the vacancy defect, the transmitted EM field pattern can be clearly tailored due to the dual-particle coupling so that the forward scattering is intensified, similar to the beaming effect, although the total transmittance is not further improved. Interestingly, by use of dual-particle system composed of metallic rods a similar effect can be realized as well near the surface plasmon resonance, adding flexibility to design. It should be pointed out that one-way beam propagation can be possibly achieved by constructing an asymmetric dual-particle coupling system. More importantly, the proposed systems are simple and experimentally realizable, which makes them favorable for the on-chip beam steering, offering a possibility to improve the optical element design of the integration photonic circuit in the terahertz and optical range.
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Keywords:
- metamaterial /
- dual-particle coupling /
- Mie scattering theory /
- multiple scattering theory
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[1] Veselago V C 1968 Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509
[2] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[3] Shelby R A, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[4] He Q, Sun S L, Xiao S Y, Li X, Song Z Y, Sun W J, Zhou L 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 047808
[5] Monticone F, Al A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 047809
[6] Maier S A, Kik P G, Atwater H A, Meltzer S, Harel E, Koel B E, Requicha A A G 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 229
[7] Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R 2006 Science 312 1780
[8] Lai Y, Chen H Y, Zhang Z Q, Chan C T 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 093901
[9] Chen H S, Zheng B, Shen L, Wang H P, Zhang X M, Zheludev N I, Zhang B L 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2652
[10] Sun L K, Yu Z F, H J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 084401 (in Chinese) [孙良奎, 于哲峰, 黄洁 2015 64 084401]
[11] Liu X B, Liu M L, Chen J Z, Shi H Y, Chen B, Jiang Y S, Xu Z, Zhang A X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 084202 (in Chinese) [刘晓波, 刘明黎, 陈建忠, 施宏宇, 陈博, 蒋延生, 徐卓, 张安学 2015 64 084202]
[12] Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[13] Bozhevolnyi S I, Volkov V S, Devaux E, Laluet J Y, Ebbesen T W 2006 Nature 440 508
[14] Maier S A 2007 Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (New York: Springer)
[15] Ozbay E 2006 Science 311 189
[16] Soukoulis C M, Wegener M 2010 Science 330 1633
[17] Khurgin J B 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 2
[18] Liu S Y, Chen W K, Du J J, Lin Z F, Chui S T, Chan C T 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 157407
[19] Poo Y, Wu R X, Liu S Y, Yang Y, Lin Z F, Chui S T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 081912
[20] Yu J J, Chen H J, Wu Y B, Liu S Y 2012 Eur. Phys. Lett. 100 47007
[21] Lin H X, Yu X N, Liu S Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 034203 (in Chinese) [林海笑, 俞昕宁, 刘士阳 2015 64 034203]
[22] Tong L, Gattass R R, Ashcom J B, He S L, Lou J, Shen M, Maxwell I, Mazur E 2003 Nature 426 816
[23] Law M, Sirbuly D J, Johnson J C, Goldberger J, Saykally R J, Yang P 2004 Science 305 1269
[24] Guo Y S, Zhou J, Lan C W, Bi K 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 123902
[25] Du J J, Liu S Y, Lin Z F, Zi J, Chui S T 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 051801
[26] Du J J, Liu S Y, Lin Z F, Zi J, Chui S T 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 035803
[27] Du J J, Lin Z F, Chui S T, Lu W L, Li H, Wu A M, Sheng Z, Zi J, Wang X, Zou S C, Gan F W 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 203903
[28] Du J J, Lin Z F, Chui S T, Dong G J, Zhang W P 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 163902
[29] Wu A M, Li H, Du J J, Ni X J, Ye Z L, Wang Y, Sheng Z, Zou S C, Gan F W, Zhang X, Wang X 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2055
[30] Felbacq D, Tayeb G, Maystre D 1994 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 2526
[31] Liu S Y, Lin Z F 2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 066609
[32] Lezec H J, Degiron A, Devaux E, Linke R A, Martn-Moreno L, Garca-Vidal F J, Ebbesen T W 2002 Science 297 820
[33] Martn-Moreno L, Garca-Vidal F J, Lezec H J, Degiron A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 167401
[34] Guo Y S, Zhou J, Lan C W, Wu H Y, Bi K 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 204103
[35] Cai W S, Shalaev V 2010 Optical Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications (New York: Springer) pp20-21
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