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Here we report a red organic electroluminescent device (OLED) with an emission wavelength at 705 nm in which PCDTBT is used as an emitting layer with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCDTBT/BCP/LiF/Al. The device shows good performances such as an onset voltage of 2 V, a maximum brightness of 29000 cd/m2 at 9 V and a maximum current efficiency of 3.5 cd/A. The effects of annealing on the luminescent property of the device are studied at different temperatures. The experimental results suggest that the device presents the best performance at an annealing temperature of 50℃, then the performance decreases with annealing temperature increasing. We find that relatively low temperature annealing is beneficial to the solvent evaporation, and the high temperature annealing is conducible to reducing the coherence length of the π-π stacking, which results in the degradation of the performance of the device.
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Keywords:
- organic electroluminescence /
- PCDTBT /
- annealing /
- π-π stacking
[1] Tang C W, van Slyke S A 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 913
[2] Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A R, Marks R N, Mackay K, Friend R H, Burns P L, Holmes A B 1990 Nature 347 539
[3] Baldo M A, O'Brien D F, You Y, Shoustikov A, Sibley S, Thompson M E, Forrest S R 1998 Nature 395 151
[4] Liu N L, Ai N, Hu D G, Yu S F, Peng J B, Cao Y, Wang J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 087805 (in Chinese) [刘南柳, 艾娜, 胡典钢, 余树福, 彭俊彪, 曹镛, 王坚 2011 60 087805]
[5] Forrest S R 2004 Nature 428 911
[6] Cao G H, Qin D S, Guan M, Cao J S, Zeng Y P, Li J M 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1911
[7] Uoyama H, Goushi K, Shizu K, Nomura H, Adachi C 2012 Nature 492 234
[8] White M S, Kaltenbrunner M, Glowacki E D, Gutnichenko K, Kettlgruber G, Graz I, Aazou S, Ulbricht C, Egbe D A M, Miron M C, Major Z, Scharber M C, Sekitani T, Someya T, Bauer S, Sariciftci N S 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 811
[9] Li N, Oida S, Tulevski G S, Han S J, Hannon J B, Sadana D K, Chen T C 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2294
[10] Chen C H, Klubek K P, Shi J 1999 U. S. Patent 5908581
[11] Lee K H, Kim S M, Kim J Y, Kim Y K, Yoon S S 2010 Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 31 2884
[12] Jang H S, Lee K H, Lee S J, Kim Y K 2013 Electron. Mater. Lett. 9 759
[13] Tsuboyama A, Iwawaki H, Furugori M, Mukaide T, Kamatani J, Igawa S, Moriyama T, Miura S, Takiguchi T, Okada S, Hoshino M, Ueno K 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 12971
[14] Lepeltier M, Dumur F, Wantz G, Vila N, Mbomekallé I, Bertin D, Gigmes D, Mayer C R 2013 J. Lumin. 143 145
[15] Cho S, Seo J H, Park S H, Beaupre S, Leclerc M, Heeger A J 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 1253
[16] Yang S P, Kong W G, Liu B Y, Zheng W Y, Li B M, Liu X H, Fu G S 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 128401
[17] Moon J S, Jo J, Heeger A J 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 304
[18] Fang G, Wu J, Fu Y Y, Meng B, Xie Z Y, Guo S J 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 068801
[19] Jha P, Koiry S P, Saxena V, Veerender P, Gusain A, Chauhan A K, Debnath A K, Aswal D K, Gupta S K 2013 Org. Electron. 14 2635
[20] Blouin N, Michaud A, Leclerc M 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 2295
[21] Gao L Y, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Zhang F J, Sun Q J, Zhang T H, Yan G, Xu X R 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 037203 (in Chinese) [高利岩, 赵谡玲, 徐征, 张福俊, 孙钦军, 张天慧, 闫光, 徐叙瑢 2011 60 037203]
[22] Tian X Y, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Yao J F, Zhang F J, Jia Q J, Chen Y, Gong W, Fan X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 057201 (in Chinese) [田雪雁, 赵谡玲, 徐征, 姚江峰, 张福俊, 贾全杰, 陈雨, 龚伟, 樊星 2011 60 057201]
[23] Beiley Z M, Hoke E T, Noriega R, Dacuña J, Burkhard G F, Bartelt J A, Salleo A, Toney M F, McGehee M D 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 954
[24] Gusain A, Saxena V,Veerender P, Jha P, Koiry S P, Chauhan A K, Aswal D K, Gupta S K 2013 Proceedings of the 57th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2012 Bombay, India, December 3-7, 2012 p776
[25] Zhao L, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Gong W, Yang Q Q, Fan X, Xu X R 2013 Appl. Phys. A 114 1361
[26] Liu J, Guo T F, Yang Y 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1595
[27] Zhao D F, Gao X Q 1995 Dyes. Ind. 32 1(in Chinese) [赵德丰, 高欣钦 1995 染料工业 32 1]
[28] Wang T, Pearson A J, Dunbar A D F, Staniec P A, Watters D C, Yi H, Ryan A J, Jones R A L, Iraqi A, Lidzey D G 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 1399
[29] Sirringhaus H, Brown P J, Friend R H, Nielsen M M, Bechgaard K, Langeveld-Voss B M W, Spiering A J H, Janssen R A J, Meijer E W, Herwig P, Leeuw D M 1999 Nature 401 685
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[1] Tang C W, van Slyke S A 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 913
[2] Burroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A R, Marks R N, Mackay K, Friend R H, Burns P L, Holmes A B 1990 Nature 347 539
[3] Baldo M A, O'Brien D F, You Y, Shoustikov A, Sibley S, Thompson M E, Forrest S R 1998 Nature 395 151
[4] Liu N L, Ai N, Hu D G, Yu S F, Peng J B, Cao Y, Wang J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 087805 (in Chinese) [刘南柳, 艾娜, 胡典钢, 余树福, 彭俊彪, 曹镛, 王坚 2011 60 087805]
[5] Forrest S R 2004 Nature 428 911
[6] Cao G H, Qin D S, Guan M, Cao J S, Zeng Y P, Li J M 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1911
[7] Uoyama H, Goushi K, Shizu K, Nomura H, Adachi C 2012 Nature 492 234
[8] White M S, Kaltenbrunner M, Glowacki E D, Gutnichenko K, Kettlgruber G, Graz I, Aazou S, Ulbricht C, Egbe D A M, Miron M C, Major Z, Scharber M C, Sekitani T, Someya T, Bauer S, Sariciftci N S 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 811
[9] Li N, Oida S, Tulevski G S, Han S J, Hannon J B, Sadana D K, Chen T C 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2294
[10] Chen C H, Klubek K P, Shi J 1999 U. S. Patent 5908581
[11] Lee K H, Kim S M, Kim J Y, Kim Y K, Yoon S S 2010 Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 31 2884
[12] Jang H S, Lee K H, Lee S J, Kim Y K 2013 Electron. Mater. Lett. 9 759
[13] Tsuboyama A, Iwawaki H, Furugori M, Mukaide T, Kamatani J, Igawa S, Moriyama T, Miura S, Takiguchi T, Okada S, Hoshino M, Ueno K 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 12971
[14] Lepeltier M, Dumur F, Wantz G, Vila N, Mbomekallé I, Bertin D, Gigmes D, Mayer C R 2013 J. Lumin. 143 145
[15] Cho S, Seo J H, Park S H, Beaupre S, Leclerc M, Heeger A J 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 1253
[16] Yang S P, Kong W G, Liu B Y, Zheng W Y, Li B M, Liu X H, Fu G S 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 128401
[17] Moon J S, Jo J, Heeger A J 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 304
[18] Fang G, Wu J, Fu Y Y, Meng B, Xie Z Y, Guo S J 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 068801
[19] Jha P, Koiry S P, Saxena V, Veerender P, Gusain A, Chauhan A K, Debnath A K, Aswal D K, Gupta S K 2013 Org. Electron. 14 2635
[20] Blouin N, Michaud A, Leclerc M 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 2295
[21] Gao L Y, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Zhang F J, Sun Q J, Zhang T H, Yan G, Xu X R 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 037203 (in Chinese) [高利岩, 赵谡玲, 徐征, 张福俊, 孙钦军, 张天慧, 闫光, 徐叙瑢 2011 60 037203]
[22] Tian X Y, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Yao J F, Zhang F J, Jia Q J, Chen Y, Gong W, Fan X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 057201 (in Chinese) [田雪雁, 赵谡玲, 徐征, 姚江峰, 张福俊, 贾全杰, 陈雨, 龚伟, 樊星 2011 60 057201]
[23] Beiley Z M, Hoke E T, Noriega R, Dacuña J, Burkhard G F, Bartelt J A, Salleo A, Toney M F, McGehee M D 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 954
[24] Gusain A, Saxena V,Veerender P, Jha P, Koiry S P, Chauhan A K, Aswal D K, Gupta S K 2013 Proceedings of the 57th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2012 Bombay, India, December 3-7, 2012 p776
[25] Zhao L, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Gong W, Yang Q Q, Fan X, Xu X R 2013 Appl. Phys. A 114 1361
[26] Liu J, Guo T F, Yang Y 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1595
[27] Zhao D F, Gao X Q 1995 Dyes. Ind. 32 1(in Chinese) [赵德丰, 高欣钦 1995 染料工业 32 1]
[28] Wang T, Pearson A J, Dunbar A D F, Staniec P A, Watters D C, Yi H, Ryan A J, Jones R A L, Iraqi A, Lidzey D G 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 1399
[29] Sirringhaus H, Brown P J, Friend R H, Nielsen M M, Bechgaard K, Langeveld-Voss B M W, Spiering A J H, Janssen R A J, Meijer E W, Herwig P, Leeuw D M 1999 Nature 401 685
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