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Divertor is a component that directly contacts the plasma in tokamak. To ensure the lifetime of the device, it is necessary to reduce the erosion of the divertor wall by plasma. In this work, a particle-in-cell model is used to study the influences of plasma temperature and impurity concentration on the erosion of tungsten divertor wall by carbon and beryllium ions. The steady-state sheath, particle and energy fluxes to the wall, and the energies and angle of the incident ions can be obtained. Then, these data can be used as the input parameters for the plasma-surface interaction model, to evaluate the erosion rate of the plate based on the empirical formulas for physical sputtering. It is found that the erosion by heating plays a negligible role under the plasma condition of this work. Due to the low physical sputtering threshold energy of tungsten by impurities and the impurity ions accelerated by sheath, the physical sputtering of the tungsten by the impurities plays an dominant role in the total erosion. In addition, the erosion rate increases with the increase of plasma temperature and impurity concentration.
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Keywords:
- divertor /
- plasma surface interaction /
- particle-in-cell
[1] Pitcher C S, Stangeby P C 1997 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 39 779
[2] Federici G, Skinner C H, Brooks J N, Coad J P, Grisolia C, Haasz A A, Hassanein A, Philipps V, Pitcher C S, Roth J, Wampler W R, Whyte D G 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 1967
[3] Pitts R A, Carpentier S, Escourbiac F, Hirai T, Komarov V, Lisgo S, Kukushkin A S, Loarte A, Merola M, Naik A S, Mitteau R, Sugihara M, Bazylev B, Stangeby P C 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 438 S48
[4] Huang Y, Sun J Z, Sang C F, Ding F, Wang D Z 2014 Acta Phys. Sin 63 035204 (in Chinese)[黄艳, 孙继忠, 桑超峰, 丁芳, 王德真 2014 63 035204]
[5] Bolt H, Barabash V, Federici G, Linke J, Loarte A, Roth J, Sato K 2002 J. Nucl. Mater. 307–311 43
[6] Philipps V 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 415 S2
[7] Federici G, Loarte A, Strohmayer G 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 1523
[8] Du H L, Sang C F, Wang L, Sun J Z, Liu S C, Wang H Q, Zhang L, Guo H Y, Wang D Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 245206 (in Chinese)[杜海龙, 桑超峰, 王亮, 孙继忠, 刘少承, 汪惠乾, 张凌, 郭后扬, 王德真 2013 62 245206]
[9] Chen Y P, Wang F Q, Zha X J, Hu L Q, Guo H Y, Wu Z W, Zhang X D, Wan B N, Li J G 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 22311
[10] Schneider R, Runov A 2007 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49 S87
[11] Birdsall C K, Langdon A B 2005 Plasma Physics Via Computer Simulaition (Taylor and Francis: CRC Press) pp23-48
[12] Sheehan J P, Hershkowitz N, Kaganovich I D, Wang H, Raitses Y, Barnat E V, Weatherford B R, Sydorenko D 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 S909
[13] Kawamura G, Tomita Y, Kirschner A 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 438 S909
[14] Tskhakaya D 2012 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 52 490
[15] Sang C F, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 042001
[16] Sang C F, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2010 Fusion Eng. Des. 85 1941
[17] Verboncoeur J P 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 A231
[18] Stangeby P C 2000 The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices (Bristol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing) pp92-105
[19] Warrier M, Schneider R, Bonnin X 2004 Comput. Phys. Commun. 160 46
[20] Sang C F, Bonnin X, Warrier M, Rai A, Schneider R, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2012 Nucl. Fusion 52 043003
[21] Gao J M, Liu Y, Li W, Cui Z Y, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ji X Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 115201
[22] Liu Y L, Lu W, Gao A Y, Gui L J, Zhang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 126103
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[1] Pitcher C S, Stangeby P C 1997 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 39 779
[2] Federici G, Skinner C H, Brooks J N, Coad J P, Grisolia C, Haasz A A, Hassanein A, Philipps V, Pitcher C S, Roth J, Wampler W R, Whyte D G 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 1967
[3] Pitts R A, Carpentier S, Escourbiac F, Hirai T, Komarov V, Lisgo S, Kukushkin A S, Loarte A, Merola M, Naik A S, Mitteau R, Sugihara M, Bazylev B, Stangeby P C 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 438 S48
[4] Huang Y, Sun J Z, Sang C F, Ding F, Wang D Z 2014 Acta Phys. Sin 63 035204 (in Chinese)[黄艳, 孙继忠, 桑超峰, 丁芳, 王德真 2014 63 035204]
[5] Bolt H, Barabash V, Federici G, Linke J, Loarte A, Roth J, Sato K 2002 J. Nucl. Mater. 307–311 43
[6] Philipps V 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 415 S2
[7] Federici G, Loarte A, Strohmayer G 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 1523
[8] Du H L, Sang C F, Wang L, Sun J Z, Liu S C, Wang H Q, Zhang L, Guo H Y, Wang D Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 245206 (in Chinese)[杜海龙, 桑超峰, 王亮, 孙继忠, 刘少承, 汪惠乾, 张凌, 郭后扬, 王德真 2013 62 245206]
[9] Chen Y P, Wang F Q, Zha X J, Hu L Q, Guo H Y, Wu Z W, Zhang X D, Wan B N, Li J G 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 22311
[10] Schneider R, Runov A 2007 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49 S87
[11] Birdsall C K, Langdon A B 2005 Plasma Physics Via Computer Simulaition (Taylor and Francis: CRC Press) pp23-48
[12] Sheehan J P, Hershkowitz N, Kaganovich I D, Wang H, Raitses Y, Barnat E V, Weatherford B R, Sydorenko D 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 S909
[13] Kawamura G, Tomita Y, Kirschner A 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 438 S909
[14] Tskhakaya D 2012 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 52 490
[15] Sang C F, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 042001
[16] Sang C F, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2010 Fusion Eng. Des. 85 1941
[17] Verboncoeur J P 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 A231
[18] Stangeby P C 2000 The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices (Bristol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing) pp92-105
[19] Warrier M, Schneider R, Bonnin X 2004 Comput. Phys. Commun. 160 46
[20] Sang C F, Bonnin X, Warrier M, Rai A, Schneider R, Sun J Z, Wang D Z 2012 Nucl. Fusion 52 043003
[21] Gao J M, Liu Y, Li W, Cui Z Y, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ji X Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 115201
[22] Liu Y L, Lu W, Gao A Y, Gui L J, Zhang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 126103
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