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Study on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of seawater with spilt oil will provide a theoretical basis for detection of oil film on sea surface and oil emulsion in sea water, which will be of great significance for protection of marine environment and marine ecological balance. In this paper a model of BRDF for oil-polluted seawater has been developed by applying Monte Carlo method and Mie scattering theory. The BRDFs of clean seawater, oil-covered seawater, and oil-emulsion seawater are investigated at wavelengths of 532 nm and 355 nm. Simulation results of different film thicknesses and oil emulsion concentrations are presented. Results show that the BRDF is rather sensitive to the degree of pollution in seawater. The presence of oil film or oil emulsion will cause a decrease of the BRDF. At the same angles of observation, the BRDF value of seawater decreases with the increase of oil film thickness and oil emulsion concentration. Oil spill detecting and monitoring can potentially be achieved using BRDF data from optical sensors.
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Keywords:
- oil spill /
- BRDF /
- Monte Carlo /
- Mie scattering
[1] Leifer I, Lehr W J, Simecek-Beatty D, Eliza B, Clark R 2012 Remote. Sens. Environ. 124 185
[2] Sørensen L, Melbye A G, Booth A M 2014 Mar. Pollut. Bull. 78 146
[3] Brekke C, Solberg A H 2005 Remote. Sens. Environ. 95 1
[4] Jha M N, Levy J, Gao Y 2008 Sensors. Basel. 8 236
[5] Otremba Z 2007 Opt. Express. 15 8592
[6] Zhao Z Y, Qi C, Dai J M 2007 Chin. Opt. Lett. 5 168
[7] Yuan Y, Sun C M, Zhang X B 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2097 (in Chinese)[袁艳, 孙成明, 张修宝 2010 59 2097]
[8] Zhang J C, Xiong L M, Fang M, He H B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 044201
[9] Gordon H R 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 241
[10] Morel A, Antoine D, Gentili B 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6289
[11] Morel A, Gentili B, Claustre H, Babin M, Bricaud A 2007 Limnol. Oceanogr. 52 217
[12] Gleason A C, Voss K J, Gordon H R, Twardowski M, Sullivan J 2012 Opt. Express. 20 7630
[13] Cormack D, Nichols J A 1977 International Oil Spill Conference Washington, USA, March, 1977 p381
[14] Wang H H, Sun X M 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 054204
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[1] Leifer I, Lehr W J, Simecek-Beatty D, Eliza B, Clark R 2012 Remote. Sens. Environ. 124 185
[2] Sørensen L, Melbye A G, Booth A M 2014 Mar. Pollut. Bull. 78 146
[3] Brekke C, Solberg A H 2005 Remote. Sens. Environ. 95 1
[4] Jha M N, Levy J, Gao Y 2008 Sensors. Basel. 8 236
[5] Otremba Z 2007 Opt. Express. 15 8592
[6] Zhao Z Y, Qi C, Dai J M 2007 Chin. Opt. Lett. 5 168
[7] Yuan Y, Sun C M, Zhang X B 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2097 (in Chinese)[袁艳, 孙成明, 张修宝 2010 59 2097]
[8] Zhang J C, Xiong L M, Fang M, He H B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 044201
[9] Gordon H R 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 241
[10] Morel A, Antoine D, Gentili B 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6289
[11] Morel A, Gentili B, Claustre H, Babin M, Bricaud A 2007 Limnol. Oceanogr. 52 217
[12] Gleason A C, Voss K J, Gordon H R, Twardowski M, Sullivan J 2012 Opt. Express. 20 7630
[13] Cormack D, Nichols J A 1977 International Oil Spill Conference Washington, USA, March, 1977 p381
[14] Wang H H, Sun X M 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 054204
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