An improved discrete arnold transform and its application in image scrambling and encryption

Wu Cheng-Mao

doi:10.7498/aps.63.090504

Abstract

To improve the image scrambling and encryption effect in traditional two-dimensional discrete Arnold transform, a new nonlinear transform for image scrambling is proposed which improves the classical discrete Arnold transform with quasi-affine properties, and can be applied in image scrambling and encryption researching. This method first makes good use of the construction thought in classical discrete standard map, and embeds the nonlinear expressions of output results of one congruence equation for classical two-dimensional discrete Arnold transform into the input item of the other congruence equation for two-dimensional discrete Arnold transform. Then a new transform with good nonlinear characteristics is constructed on the basis of classical two-dimensional discrete Arnold transform in order to quickly improve the scrambling effect of the gray image. In the end, through mathematical proof it is shown that the proposed transform no longer has the quasi-affine invariance properties in the existing two-dimensional discrete Arnold transform, but it is still a reversible mapping with periodic properties; and when it is applied in image scrambling encryption, the original image can be restored from the scrambling and encryption in gray image for its periodic properties or inverse transform. Some experimental results show that the proposed nonlinear transform is effective, and can obtain better scrambling and encryption quality than the existing discrete two-dimensional Arnold transform, meanwhile it is more practical than the standard Arnold transform in view of security.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Wu Cheng-Mao

1.
School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90607008, 61073106), and the Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2013JK1129).

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Cited By

[1]	Arnold V I, Avez A 1968 Ergodic Problems in Classical Mechanics (New York: Benjamin) p286
[2]
[3]	Franks J 1977 Am. J. Math 99 1089
[4]	Dyson F J, Falk H 1992 Amer. Math Mon. 99 603
[5]
[6]	Behrends E, Fiedler B 1998 Ergod. theor. Dyn. Systems 18 331
[7]
[8]
[9]	Li P, Xu J W 2005 J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 12 278
[10]	Chen F, Wong K W, Liao X F, Xiang T 2012 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 58 445
[11]
[12]
[13]	Bao J H, Yang Q G 2012 Nonlinear Dyn. 70 1365
[14]	Chen F, Wong K W, Liao X F, Xiang T 2013 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 59 3249
[15]
[16]
[17]	Kong T, Zhang D 2004 J. Software 15 1558 (in Chinese) [张涛, 张亶 2004 软件学报 15 1558]
[18]
[19]	Huang W B, Zhang D Dong G C 2008 Appl. Math. J. Chin. Univ. 23 99 (in Chinese) [黄外斌, 张亶, 董光昌 2008 高校应用数学学报 23 99]
[20]
[21]	Shao L P, Qin Z, Heng X C, Gao H J 2008 Acta Electron. Sin. 36 1355 (in Chinese) [邵利平, 覃征, 衡星辰, 高洪江 2008 电子学报 36 1355]
[22]	Zhou L M 2010 M.S. Dissertation (Ganzhou: Gannan Normal University) (in Chinese) [周利敏 2010 硕士论文 (赣州: 赣南师范学院)]
[23]
[24]
[25]	Pan C D, Pan C B 1998 Simple Number Theory (Beijing: Beijing University Press) p136 (in Chinese) [潘承洞, 潘承彪 1998 简明数论 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第136页]
[26]
[27]	Qi D X 1999 J. North Chin. Uinv. Technol. 11 24 (in Chinese) [齐东旭 1999 北方工业大学学报 11 24]
[28]
[29]	Qi D X, Zou J C, Han X Y 2000 Sci. Chin. (Ser. E) 43 304
[30]	Chen G, Mao Y B, Chui C K 2004 Chaos, Soliton Fract. 21 749
[31]
[32]	Deng X, Zhao D 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 5623
[33]
[34]	Liu Z, Gong M, Dou Y, Liu E, Ashfag M, Dai J, Liu S 2011 Opt. Laser Engin. 50 246
[35]
[36]	Kanso K, Chebleh M 2012 Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17 2943
[37]
[38]
[39]	Ye G D, Wong K W 2012 Nonlinear Dyn. 69 2079
[40]	Ma Z G, Qiu Y S 2003 J. Chin. Inst. Telecom. 24 51 (in Chinese) [马在光, 丘水生 2003 通信学报 24 51]
[41]
[42]	Zhao L, Liao X F, Xiang T, Xiao D 2010 Acta phys. Sin. 59 1507 (in Chinese) [赵亮, 廖晓峰, 向涛, 肖迪 2010 59 1507]
[43]
[44]	Yang L Z, Chen K F 2004 Sci. Chin. (Ser. F) 32 151
[45]
[46]	Li Y J, Ge J H, Li C L, Sun Z L 2010 J. Univ. Sci. Technol. 32 1630 (in Chinese) [李用江, 葛建华, 李昌利, 孙志林 2010 北京科技大学学报 32 1630]
[47]
[48]
[49]	Li Y J, Li C L, Ge J H, Sun Z L 2010 Comput. Sci. 37 278 (in Chinese) [李用江, 李昌利, 葛建华, 孙志林 2010 计算机科学 37 278]
[50]	Li Y J 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Xian: Xidian University) (in Chinese) [李用江 2011 博士论文 (西安:西安电子科技大学)]
[51]
[52]	Fransson J 2013 B. S. Dissertation (Smaland: Linnaeus University)
[53]
[54]	Wu Y, Agaian S, Noonan J P 2012 IEEE Sign. Process. Lett. (received)
[55]
[56]
[57]	Guo J S, Jin C H 2003 J. Chin. inst. telecom. 26 131 (in Chinese) [郭建胜, 金辰辉 2003 通信学报 26 131]
[58]
[59]	Liu T, Min L Q 2011 J. Wuhan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 57 444 (in Chinese) [刘婷, 闵乐泉 2011 武汉大学学报(理科版) 57 444]
[60]	Zhang Q, Shen M F, Zhai Y K 2007 J. Data Acq. Process. 22 292 (in Chinese) [张琼, 沈民奋, 翟懿奎 2007 数据采集与处理 22 292]
[61]
[62]	Guan J, Ding Z Y, Duan X F 2013 J. Guilin Univ. Electron. Technol. 33 152 (in Chinese) [关健, 丁振亚, 段雪峰 2013 桂林电子科技大学学报 33 152]
[63]
[64]
[65]	Bao J H 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Guangzhou: South China University of technology) (in Chinese) [鲍江宏 2010 博士论文 (广州:华南理工大学)]
[66]
[67]	Rosen K H (translated by Xiao H G) 2009 Elementary Number Theory and Its Application (5th Ed.) (Beijing: China Machine Press) p133 (in Chinese) [罗申KH 著(夏洪刚译)2009 初等数论及其应用(第5版) (北京:机械工业出版社)第133页]
[68]
[69]	Gelfreich V 2000 Phys. D 136 266
[70]
[71]	Li C G, Han Z Z, Zhang H R 2003 Chin. J. Comput. 26 465 (in Chinese)[李昌刚, 韩正之, 张浩然 2003 计算机学报 26 465]
[72]
[73]	Chee S, Lee S, Park C, Sung S H 1999 Electron. Lett. 35 707
[74]	Shao L P, Qin Z, Gao H J, Heng X C 2007 Acta Electron. Sin. 35 1290 (in Chinese)[邵利平, 覃征, 高洪江, 衡星辰 2007 电子学报 35 1290]
[75]
[76]	Wu C K, Wang X M 1995 J. Xidian Univ. 22 94 (in Chinese) [武传坤, 王新梅 1995 西安电子科技大学学报 22 94]
[77]
[78]
[79]	Du Y Z, Ju Y, Wu W 2005 J. Hefei Univ. Technol. (Nat. Ed.) 28 592 (in Chinese) [杜奕智, 琚耀, 吴伟 2005 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版) 28 592]
[80]	Jonathan K, Yehuda L (translated by Ren W) 2011 Introduction to modern cryptography: Principles and Protocols (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p138 (in Chinese) [乔纳森卡茨,耶胡达林德尔著(任伟译)2011 现代密码学原理与协议(北京:国防工业出版社) 第138页]
[81]
[82]
[83]	Peng F, Qiu S S, Long M 2005 J. South Chin. Univ. Technol. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 33 20 (in Chinese) [彭飞, 丘水生, 龙敏 2005 华南理工大学学报 (自然科学版) 33 20]
[84]	Xu S J, Wang J Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 37 (in Chinese)[徐淑奖, 王继志 2008 57 37]
[85]
[86]
[87]	Wang J, Jiang G P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060503 (in Chinese)[王静, 蒋国平 2011 60 060503]
[88]	Sun F Y, Liu S T, L Z W 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 3616
[89]
[90]	Wang Z, Huang X, Li N, Song X N 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 050506
[91]
[92]	Luo Y L, Du M H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 080503
[93]
[94]	Zhang L Y, Li C Q, Wong K K, Shu S, Chen G R 2012 J. Syst. Software 85 2077
[95]
[96]
[97]	Zhang Y W, Wang Y M, Shen Y B 2007 Sci. Chin.(Ser. F) 50 334

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Vol. 63, Issue 9 - 2014-05-05

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