Runaway electron beams in nanosecond-pulse discharges

Zhang Cheng; Ma Hao; Shao Tao; Xie Qing; Yang Wen-Jin; Yan Ping

doi:10.7498/aps.63.085208

Abstract

Conventional discharge (Townsend and streamer mechanisms) theories are not able to well explain the phenomenon in nanosecond-pulse discharges. Recently, much attention has been paid to the runaway breakdown due to high-energy electrons in nanosecond-pulse discharges, and some experimental data confirm that high-energy runaway electron beam is an important characteristic parameter for nanosecond-pulse discharges. In this paper, two designed collectors are used for detecting runaway electron beams in nanosecond-pulse discharges. These collectors are used to measure the runaway electron beams in discharges driven by a nanosecond-pulse generator with a pulse width of 3-5 ns and a rise time of 1.2-1.6 ns. The measuring principle of both two collectors is similar to that of Faraday cup, where high-energy electrons are collected by a metal cone, and converted into an electric signal that can be recorded by an oscilloscope. Furthermore, optimal designs of collectors are conducted in order to improve the impedance matching characteristics and to obtain better recording data. Using the above two collectors, characteristics of runaway electron beams are investigated. Experimental results show that runaway electron beams can be effectively measured by the collectors, and the optimized collector has a shorter time resolution and higher amplitude of the runaway electron beam current. When the applied voltage is 80 kV, the electron beam current can be measured with an amplitude of 160 mA and a full width at half maximum of less than 1 ns. In addition, experimental results with pulse sequences prove that the collectors have excellent reliability, and both the transient response and the time resolution are stable.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2.
Key Laboratory of Power Electronics and Electric Drive, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4.
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51207154, 51222701), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB239505), and State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, China (Grant No. LAPS14009).

References

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[5]	Zhang C, Shao T, Tarasenko V F, Ma H, Ren C Y, Kostyrya I D, Zhang D D, Yan P 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 123516
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[14]	Lu H W, Zha X J, Hu L Q, Lin S Y, Zhou R J, Luo J R, Zhong F C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 075202 (in Chinese) [卢洪伟, 查学军, 胡立群, 林士耀, 周瑞杰, 罗家融, 钟方川 2012 61 075202]
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[16]	Zhang C, Tarasenko V F, Shao T, Baksht E Kh, Burachenko A G, Yan P, Kostyray I D 2013 Laser Part. Beams 31 353
[17]	Mesyats G A, Reutova A G, Sharypov K A, Shpak V G, Shunailov S A, Yalandin M I 2011 Laser Part. Beams 29 425
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[21]	Alekseev S B, Lomaev M I, Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F, Shao T, Zhang C, Yan P 2013 High Voltage Engineering 39 2112
[22]	Alekseev S B, Baksht E K, Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F 2013 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 2201
[23]	Tarasenko V F, Rybka D V, Burachenko A G, Lomaev M I, Balzovsky E V 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 086106
[24]	Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F, Burachenko A G, Balzovskii E V 2012 Tech. Phys. Lett. 38 653
[25]	Shao T, Zhang C, Niu Z, Yan P, Tarasenko V F, Baksht E Kh, Burachenko A G, Shutko Y V 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 021503
[26]	Zhang C, Gu J W, Shao T, Ma H, Yan P 2014 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 26 045029 (in Chinese) [章程, 顾建伟, 邵涛, 马浩, 严萍 2014 强激光与粒子束 26 045029]
[27]	Shao T, Tarasenko V F, Zhang C, Baksht E K, Zhang D, Erofeev M V, Yan P 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 093301
[28]	Zhang C, Shao T, Niu Z, Zhang D D, Wang J, Yan P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 035202 (in Chinese) [章程, 邵涛, 牛铮, 张东东, 王珏, 严萍 2012 61 035202]
[29]	Zhang C, Shao T, Yu Y, Niu Z, Yan P, Zhou Y 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 31 123501
[30]	Shao T, Zhang C, Niu Z, Yan P, Tarasenko V F, Baksht E K, Kostyrya I D, Shutko V 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 083306
[31]	Zhang C, Shao T, Yan P, Tarasenko V F 2013 High Voltage Engineering 39 2095
[32]	Burachenko A G, Tarasenko V F 2010 Tech. Phys. Lett. 36 1158
[33]	Tarasenko V F, Yakovlenko S I 2004 Phys. Usp. 47 887
[34]	Zhang C, Shao T, Ma H, Zhang D, Ren C, Yan P, Tarasenko V, Schamiloglu E 2013 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 20 1304

Cited By

[1]	Lu X P, Yan P, Ren C S, Shao T 2011 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 41 801 (in Chinese) [卢新培, 严萍, 任春生, 邵涛 2011 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 41 801]
[2]	Shao T, Sun G S, Yan P, Gu C, Zhang S C 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 5964 (in Chinese) [邵涛, 孙广生, 严萍, 谷琛, 张适昌 2006 55 5964]
[3]	Li Y, Mu H B, Deng J B, Zhang G J, Wang S H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 124703 (in Chinese) [李元, 穆海宝, 邓军波, 张冠军, 王曙鸿 2013 62 124703]
[4]	Yu J L, He L M, Ding W, Wang Y Q, Du C 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 055201
[5]	Zhang C, Shao T, Tarasenko V F, Ma H, Ren C Y, Kostyrya I D, Zhang D D, Yan P 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 123516
[6]	Che X K, Nie W S, Zhou P H, He H B, Tian X H, Zhou S Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 224702 (in Chinese) [车学科, 聂万胜, 周朋辉, 何浩波, 田希晖, 周思引 2013 62 224702]
[7]	Dai D, Wang Q M, Hao Y B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 135204 (in Chinese) [戴栋, 王其明, 郝艳捧 2013 62 135204]
[8]	Shao T, Zhang C, Long K H, Wang J, Zhang D D, Yan P 2013 Chin. Phys. B 19 040601
[9]	Wang X Q, Dai D, Hao Y B, Li L C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 230504 (in Chinese) [王敩青, 戴栋, 郝艳捧, 李立浧 2012 61 230504]
[10]	Mesyats G A, Bychkov Y I, Kremnev V V 1972 Sov. Phys. Usp. 15 282
[11]	Kunhardt E E, Byszewski W W 1980 Phys. Rev. A 21 2069
[12]	Babich L P 2005 Sov. Phys. Usp. 48 1015
[13]	Vasilyak L M, Vetchinin S P, Polyakov D N 1999 Tech. Phys. Lett. 25 749
[14]	Lu H W, Zha X J, Hu L Q, Lin S Y, Zhou R J, Luo J R, Zhong F C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 075202 (in Chinese) [卢洪伟, 查学军, 胡立群, 林士耀, 周瑞杰, 罗家融, 钟方川 2012 61 075202]
[15]	Alekseev S B, Orlovskii V M, Tarasenko V F 2003 Tech. Phys. Lett. 29 411
[16]	Zhang C, Tarasenko V F, Shao T, Baksht E Kh, Burachenko A G, Yan P, Kostyray I D 2013 Laser Part. Beams 31 353
[17]	Mesyats G A, Reutova A G, Sharypov K A, Shpak V G, Shunailov S A, Yalandin M I 2011 Laser Part. Beams 29 425
[18]	Babich L P, Loiko T V 2010 Plasma Phys. Rep. 36 263
[19]	Baksht E H, Burachenko A G, Kostyrya I D, Lomaev M I, Rybka D V, Shulepov M A, Tarasenko V F 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 185201
[20]	Tarasenko V F, Kostyrya I D, Baksht E K, Rybka D V 2011 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 18 1250
[21]	Alekseev S B, Lomaev M I, Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F, Shao T, Zhang C, Yan P 2013 High Voltage Engineering 39 2112
[22]	Alekseev S B, Baksht E K, Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F 2013 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 2201
[23]	Tarasenko V F, Rybka D V, Burachenko A G, Lomaev M I, Balzovsky E V 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 086106
[24]	Rybka D V, Tarasenko V F, Burachenko A G, Balzovskii E V 2012 Tech. Phys. Lett. 38 653
[25]	Shao T, Zhang C, Niu Z, Yan P, Tarasenko V F, Baksht E Kh, Burachenko A G, Shutko Y V 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 021503
[26]	Zhang C, Gu J W, Shao T, Ma H, Yan P 2014 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 26 045029 (in Chinese) [章程, 顾建伟, 邵涛, 马浩, 严萍 2014 强激光与粒子束 26 045029]
[27]	Shao T, Tarasenko V F, Zhang C, Baksht E K, Zhang D, Erofeev M V, Yan P 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 093301
[28]	Zhang C, Shao T, Niu Z, Zhang D D, Wang J, Yan P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 035202 (in Chinese) [章程, 邵涛, 牛铮, 张东东, 王珏, 严萍 2012 61 035202]
[29]	Zhang C, Shao T, Yu Y, Niu Z, Yan P, Zhou Y 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 31 123501
[30]	Shao T, Zhang C, Niu Z, Yan P, Tarasenko V F, Baksht E K, Kostyrya I D, Shutko V 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 083306
[31]	Zhang C, Shao T, Yan P, Tarasenko V F 2013 High Voltage Engineering 39 2095
[32]	Burachenko A G, Tarasenko V F 2010 Tech. Phys. Lett. 36 1158
[33]	Tarasenko V F, Yakovlenko S I 2004 Phys. Usp. 47 887
[34]	Zhang C, Shao T, Ma H, Zhang D, Ren C, Yan P, Tarasenko V, Schamiloglu E 2013 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 20 1304

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Vol. 63, Issue 8 - 2014-04-20

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