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A multi-chamber heart magnetic field model with two atria and two ventricles, boundaries of which were picked up from a magnetic resonance imaging, was established based on the boundary element method (BEM). Moreover, the model-based 36-channel cardiac magnetic field data and magnetic field maps at a specific time were analyzed. We also studied the heart electrical activity during ST-T segment from patients with complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) by the model, respectively. Results show that the model-based magnetic field map generated by the electrical excitation with a moving single current dipole in single bundle branch is similar to the magnetocardiogram (MCG) of the CRBBB/CLBBB patient acquired using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in cardiac repolarization. It demonstrates that the multi-chamber heart BEM model can be used to study cardiac magnetic inverse problem of CLBBB/CRBBB patient. In addition, two evaluation criteria are given as follows: the ratio of the maximum on the magnetic field strength measurement plane in the multi-chamber model to that in the single-chamber model; and the ratio of root mean squares of the magnetic field strength at the 36 measurement points of the two models. This result indicates that the magnetic field maps generated by the multi-chamber heart model are close to the measured MCG maps. In this model, the strength and topography of the magnetic field lie in the conductivity parameters of cardiac tissues, the position and the number of the equivalent current dipoles.
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Keywords:
- boundary element method (BEM) model /
- magnetocardiography (MCG) /
- cardiac electrical activity /
- complete left/right bundle branch block (CLBBB/CRBBB)
[1] Gulrajani R M, Mailloux G E 1983 Circulation Research 52 45
[2] Plonsey R 1999 Bioelectric phenomena (Wiley Online Library)
[3] Malmivuo J, Plonsey R 1995 Bioelectromagnetism: principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields (USA: Oxford University Press) pp187-188
[4] Geselowitz D B 1970 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 6 346
[5] Geselowitz D B, Miller W I 1973 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 9 392
[6] Sarvas J 1987 Phys. Med. Biol. 32 11
[7] Nenonen J, Katila T, Leinio M, Montonen J, Makijarvi M, Siltanen P 1991 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 38 648
[8] Czapski P, Ramon C, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1313
[9] Ramon C, Czapski P, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K, Nelson J A 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1323
[10] Fischer G, Tilg B, Wach P, Lafer G, Rucker W 1998 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 55 99
[11] Purcell C J, Stroink G, Horacek B M 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 35 671
[12] Haueisen J, Schreiber J, Brauer H, Knosche T R 2002 IEEE Transactions on magnetics 38 1045
[13] Stenroos M, Mä ntynen V, Nenonen J 2007 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 88 256
[14] Kaufman W, Johnston F D 1943 American Heart Journal 26 42
[15] Gabriel S, Lau R W, Gabriel C 1996 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2271
[16] Burger H C, van Milaan J B 1943 Acta Medica Scandinavica 114 584
[17] Rush S, Abildskov J A, Mcfee R 1963 Circulation Research 12 40
[18] Keller D U J, Weber F M, Seemann G, Dossel O 2010 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 57 1568
[19] Czapski P, Ramon C, Huntsman L L, Bardy G H, Kim Y 1996 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 1247
[20] Czapski P, Ramon C, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1313
[21] Kaufman W, Johnston F D 1943 American Heart Journal 26 42
[22] Schwan H P, Kay C F 1956 Circulation Research 4 664
[23] Geselowitz D B 1967 Biophysical Journal 7 1
[24] Vladimirov V S 1971 Equations of Mathematical Physics (New York: Marcel Dekker) pp302-305
[25] Finlayson B A, Scriven L E 1966 Applied Mechanics Reviews 19 735
[26] Finlayson B A 1972 The method of weighted residuals and variational principles (Academic Press New York)
[27] Wang W Y, Zhao C, Lin Y Z, Zhang S L, Xie X M, Jiang S Q 2013 Phys. Med. Sin. 62 128703 (in Chinese) [王伟远, 赵晨, 林玉章, 张树林, 谢晓明, 蒋式勤 2013 62 128703]
[28] Tang F K, Hua N, Lu H, Tang X Z, Wang Q, Ma P 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 010702
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[1] Gulrajani R M, Mailloux G E 1983 Circulation Research 52 45
[2] Plonsey R 1999 Bioelectric phenomena (Wiley Online Library)
[3] Malmivuo J, Plonsey R 1995 Bioelectromagnetism: principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields (USA: Oxford University Press) pp187-188
[4] Geselowitz D B 1970 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 6 346
[5] Geselowitz D B, Miller W I 1973 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 9 392
[6] Sarvas J 1987 Phys. Med. Biol. 32 11
[7] Nenonen J, Katila T, Leinio M, Montonen J, Makijarvi M, Siltanen P 1991 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 38 648
[8] Czapski P, Ramon C, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1313
[9] Ramon C, Czapski P, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K, Nelson J A 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1323
[10] Fischer G, Tilg B, Wach P, Lafer G, Rucker W 1998 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 55 99
[11] Purcell C J, Stroink G, Horacek B M 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 35 671
[12] Haueisen J, Schreiber J, Brauer H, Knosche T R 2002 IEEE Transactions on magnetics 38 1045
[13] Stenroos M, Mä ntynen V, Nenonen J 2007 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 88 256
[14] Kaufman W, Johnston F D 1943 American Heart Journal 26 42
[15] Gabriel S, Lau R W, Gabriel C 1996 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2271
[16] Burger H C, van Milaan J B 1943 Acta Medica Scandinavica 114 584
[17] Rush S, Abildskov J A, Mcfee R 1963 Circulation Research 12 40
[18] Keller D U J, Weber F M, Seemann G, Dossel O 2010 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 57 1568
[19] Czapski P, Ramon C, Huntsman L L, Bardy G H, Kim Y 1996 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 1247
[20] Czapski P, Ramon C, Haueisen J, Huntsman L L, Nowak H, Bardy G H, Leder U, Yongmin K 1998 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 1313
[21] Kaufman W, Johnston F D 1943 American Heart Journal 26 42
[22] Schwan H P, Kay C F 1956 Circulation Research 4 664
[23] Geselowitz D B 1967 Biophysical Journal 7 1
[24] Vladimirov V S 1971 Equations of Mathematical Physics (New York: Marcel Dekker) pp302-305
[25] Finlayson B A, Scriven L E 1966 Applied Mechanics Reviews 19 735
[26] Finlayson B A 1972 The method of weighted residuals and variational principles (Academic Press New York)
[27] Wang W Y, Zhao C, Lin Y Z, Zhang S L, Xie X M, Jiang S Q 2013 Phys. Med. Sin. 62 128703 (in Chinese) [王伟远, 赵晨, 林玉章, 张树林, 谢晓明, 蒋式勤 2013 62 128703]
[28] Tang F K, Hua N, Lu H, Tang X Z, Wang Q, Ma P 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 010702
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