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Reconstructing cardiac current source by magnetocardiogram signal is a noninvasive method of revealing cardiac electrical activity. The visualization of spatial and temporal information about cardiac electrical activity will be conducive to the analysis of the heart function and the diagnosis of heart disease. In this paper, the capability of reconstructing distribution of current sources, whose distribution is changed over time, is studied by a reduced time window (RTW) beamformer, and the relationship between source reconstruction results and ventricular excitation propagation is analyzed in simulation. The cellular automaton is used to simulate ventricular excitation propagation and to generate the current sources. Moreover, a heart-torso model is constructed by the boundary element method to simulate the effect of the volume conductor. The simulation results show that the RTW beamformer can provide a good accuracy of reconstructing the distribution of current sources. The RTW beamformer is also used to analyze a normal subject with the lead field of infinite homogeneous medium. The results demonstrate that they reflect the basic characteristic of ventricular excitation propagation.
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Keywords:
- magnetocardiography /
- source reconstruction /
- boundary element method /
- beamformer
[1] Nenonen J, Katila T, Leinio M, Montonen J, Makijarvi M, Siltanen P 1991 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 38 648
[2] Ziolkowski M, Haueisen J, Leder U 2002 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 49 1379
[3] De Melis M, Tanaka K, Uchikawa Y 2010 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 46 1203
[4] Cohen D, Edelsack E A, Zimmerman J E 1970 Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 278
[5] Andrä W, Nowak H 2007 Magnetism in Medicine: A Handbook (Weinberin: Wiley-VCH)
[6] Zhang S L, Wang Y L, Wang H W, Jiang S Q, Xie X M 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4793
[7] Tolstrup K, Madsen B E, Ruiz J A, Greenwood S D, Camacho J, Siegel R J, Gertzen H C, Park J W, Smars P A 2006 Cardiology 106 270
[8] Lim H K, Chung N, Ko Y G, Lee Y H, Park Y K 2009 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 45 2890
[9] On K, Watanabe S, Yamada S, Takeyasu N, Nakagawa Y, Nishina H, Morimoto T, Aihara H, Kimura T, Sato Y, Tsukada K, Kandori A, Miyashita T, Ogata K, Suzuki D, Yamaguchi I, Aonuma K 2007 Circul. J. Official J. Jpn. Circul. Soc. 71 1586
[10] Van Leeuwen P, Hailer B, Beck A, Eiling G, Grönemeyer D 2011 Ann. Noninvas. Electrocardiol. 16 379
[11] van Veen B D, van Drongelen W, Yuchtman M, Suzuki A 1997 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 44 867
[12] Robinson S E, Vrba J 1999 Recent Adv. Biomagnet. 302
[13] Sekihara K, Nagarajan S S, Poeppel D, Marantz A, Miyashita Y 2000 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 48 760
[14] Kim K, Lee Y H, Kwon H, Kim J M, Bae J 2006 Comput. Biol. Med. 36 253
[15] Kim K, Kim D, Shim E B, Lee Y H, Kwon H, Park Y K 2007 Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging of the Brain and Heart and the International Conference on Functional Biomedical Imaging Hangzhou, China, 12-14 October, 2007
[16] Im U B, Kwon S S, Kim K, Lee Y H, Park Y K, Youn C H, Shim E B 2008 Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol. 96 339
[17] Wang W Y, Zhou D F, Jiang S Q 2012 International Conference on System Simulation Shanghai, China, Apri 6-9 2012, p293
[18] Plonsey R 1969 Biomagnetic Phenomena (New York: McGraw-Hill)
[19] Geselowitz D 1970 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 6 346
[20] Sarvas J 1987 Phys. Med. Biol. 32 11
[21] Stenroos M, Mäntynen V, Nenonen J 2007 Comput. Methods and Programs Biomed. 88 256
[22] Tang F K, Wang Q, Hua N, Tang X Z, Lu H, Ma P 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 1674
[23] Tang F K, Wang Q, Hua N, Lu H, Tang X Z, Ma P 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 1674
[24] Amoroso S, Patt Y N 1972 J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 6 448
[25] Wei D 1997 Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol. 67 17
[26] Wang C S 2007 Basic and Clinical Cardiac Conduction System (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp81-84 (in Chinese) [王成山 2007 心脏传导系统基础与临床 (北京：清华大学出版社) 第81–84页]
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[1] Nenonen J, Katila T, Leinio M, Montonen J, Makijarvi M, Siltanen P 1991 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 38 648
[2] Ziolkowski M, Haueisen J, Leder U 2002 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 49 1379
[3] De Melis M, Tanaka K, Uchikawa Y 2010 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 46 1203
[4] Cohen D, Edelsack E A, Zimmerman J E 1970 Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 278
[5] Andrä W, Nowak H 2007 Magnetism in Medicine: A Handbook (Weinberin: Wiley-VCH)
[6] Zhang S L, Wang Y L, Wang H W, Jiang S Q, Xie X M 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4793
[7] Tolstrup K, Madsen B E, Ruiz J A, Greenwood S D, Camacho J, Siegel R J, Gertzen H C, Park J W, Smars P A 2006 Cardiology 106 270
[8] Lim H K, Chung N, Ko Y G, Lee Y H, Park Y K 2009 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 45 2890
[9] On K, Watanabe S, Yamada S, Takeyasu N, Nakagawa Y, Nishina H, Morimoto T, Aihara H, Kimura T, Sato Y, Tsukada K, Kandori A, Miyashita T, Ogata K, Suzuki D, Yamaguchi I, Aonuma K 2007 Circul. J. Official J. Jpn. Circul. Soc. 71 1586
[10] Van Leeuwen P, Hailer B, Beck A, Eiling G, Grönemeyer D 2011 Ann. Noninvas. Electrocardiol. 16 379
[11] van Veen B D, van Drongelen W, Yuchtman M, Suzuki A 1997 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 44 867
[12] Robinson S E, Vrba J 1999 Recent Adv. Biomagnet. 302
[13] Sekihara K, Nagarajan S S, Poeppel D, Marantz A, Miyashita Y 2000 Biomed. Engin. IEEE Trans. 48 760
[14] Kim K, Lee Y H, Kwon H, Kim J M, Bae J 2006 Comput. Biol. Med. 36 253
[15] Kim K, Kim D, Shim E B, Lee Y H, Kwon H, Park Y K 2007 Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging of the Brain and Heart and the International Conference on Functional Biomedical Imaging Hangzhou, China, 12-14 October, 2007
[16] Im U B, Kwon S S, Kim K, Lee Y H, Park Y K, Youn C H, Shim E B 2008 Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol. 96 339
[17] Wang W Y, Zhou D F, Jiang S Q 2012 International Conference on System Simulation Shanghai, China, Apri 6-9 2012, p293
[18] Plonsey R 1969 Biomagnetic Phenomena (New York: McGraw-Hill)
[19] Geselowitz D 1970 Magnet. IEEE Trans. 6 346
[20] Sarvas J 1987 Phys. Med. Biol. 32 11
[21] Stenroos M, Mäntynen V, Nenonen J 2007 Comput. Methods and Programs Biomed. 88 256
[22] Tang F K, Wang Q, Hua N, Tang X Z, Lu H, Ma P 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 1674
[23] Tang F K, Wang Q, Hua N, Lu H, Tang X Z, Ma P 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 1674
[24] Amoroso S, Patt Y N 1972 J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 6 448
[25] Wei D 1997 Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol. 67 17
[26] Wang C S 2007 Basic and Clinical Cardiac Conduction System (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp81-84 (in Chinese) [王成山 2007 心脏传导系统基础与临床 (北京：清华大学出版社) 第81–84页]
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