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Inelastic vibrational Raman scattering by liquid water is one significant limitation to the accuracy of the retrieval of trace gas constituents in atmosphere over waters, particularly over clear ocean waters, while using satellite data with differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique (DOAS). The effect which is similar to the Ring effect in atmosphere results in the filling-in of Fraunhofer lines, which is known as solar absorption lines. The inelastic component of the liquid water scattering causes a net increase of radiance in the line because more radiations shift to the wavelength of an absorption line than from this wavelength to other wavelengths. The solar spectrum transmitting atmosphere is convolved with vibrational Raman scattering coefficient of liquid water, divided by the original computed spectrum, with a cubic polynomial subtracted off, to create differential water Ring spectrum. This method is suggested in order to obtain an effective differential water Ring coeffient for the DOAS fitting process, which could be used to improve the accuracy of the retrieval of the trace gases concentration. The method does not rely on radiative transfer model of water, which would be time-consuming and depending on lot of parameters. Therefore, it is very fast and convenient.
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Keywords:
- water Ring effect /
- vibrational Raman scattering /
- convolution /
- DOAS
[1] Platt U, Perner D, Paetz H 1979 J. Geophys. Res. 84 6329
[2] Burrows J P, Weber M, Buchwitz M, Rozanov V, Ladstätter-Weiβenmayer A, Richter A, DeBeek R, Hoogen R, Bramstedt K, Eichmann K U, Eisinger M, Perner D 1999 J. Atmos. Sci. 56 151
[3] Richter A, Wittrock F, Weber M, Beirle S Khl S, Platt U, Wagner T, Wilms-Grabe W, Burrows J P 2002 J. Atmos. Sci. 62 778
[4] Martin R V, Chance K, Jacob D J J 2002 Geophys. Res. 107 doi:10.1029/2001JD001027
[5] Velders G J M, Granier C, Portmann R W, Pfeilsticker K, Wenig M, Wagner T, Platt U, Richter A, Burrows J P 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 12643
[6] Sierk B, Richter A, Rozanov A, von Savigny C H, Schmoltner A M, Buchwitz M, Bovensmann H, Burrows J P 2006 Envir. Monit. Ass. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9049-9
[7] Veefkind J P, Haan de J F, Brinksma E J, Kroon M, Levelt P F 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1239
[8] Grainger J R, Ring J 1962 Nature 193 762
[9] Vountas M, Rozanov V V, Burrows J P 1998 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 60 943
[10] Sioris C, Evans W F J 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 2706
[11] Fish D J, Jones R L 1995 Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 811
[12] Solomon S, Schmeltekopf A L, Sanders R W 1987 J. Geophys. Res. 92 8311
[13] Chance K, Spurr R J D 1997 Appl. Opt. 36 5224
[14] Bucsela E J, Celarier E A, Wenig M O, Gleason J F, Veefkind J P, Boersma K F, Brinksma E J 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1245
[15] Kattawar G W, Xu X 1992 Appl. Opt. 31 6491
[16] Gordon H R 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 3166
[17] Sugihara S, Kishino M, Okami N 1984 J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 40 397
[18] Stavn R H, Weidemann A D 1988 Appl. Opt. 27 4002
[19] Marshall B R, Smith R C 1990 Appl. Opt. 29 71
[20] Haltrin V I, Kattawar G W 1993 Appl. Opt. 32 5356
[21] Bartlett J S, Voss K J, Sathyendranath S, Vodacek A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 3324
[22] Sathyendranath S, Platt T 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 2216
[23] Vasilkov A P, Joiner J, Gleason J, Bhartia P 2002 Geophys. Res. Let. DOI 10.1029/2002GL014955
[24] Vountas M, Richter A, Wittrock F, Burrows J P 2003 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3 1365
[25] Han D, Chen L F, Su L, Tao J H, Li S S, Yu C, Wang Z F 2010 Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (in Chinese) [韩冬, 陈良富, 苏林, 陶金花, 李莘莘, 余超, 王子峰 2010光谱学与光谱分析 30 2137]
[26] Han D, Chen L F, Su L, Tao J H, Li S S, Yu C, Zhang Y, He B H 2011 Sci. China Earth Sci. 54 1407
[27] Rozanov A V, Rozanov V V, Buchwitz M, Kokhanovsky A A, Burrows J P 2005 Adv. Space Res. 36 1015
[28] Boersma, K F, Eskes H J, Veefkind J P, Brinksma E J, van Der A R J, Sneep M, van den Oord G H J, Levelt P F, Stammes P, Gleason J F, Bucsela E J 2007 Atm. Chem. Phys. 7 2013
[29] Zhou B, Chen L M, Hao N 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1529 (in Chinese) [周斌, 陈立民, 郝楠 2006 55 1529]
[30] Qi F, Liu W Q, Zhou B, Li Z B, Cui Y J 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1307 (in Chinese) [齐锋, 刘文清, 周斌, 李振壁, 崔延军 2003 52 1307]
[31] Vountas M, Dinter T, Bracher A, Burrows J P, Sierk B 2007 Ocean Sci. 3 429
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[1] Platt U, Perner D, Paetz H 1979 J. Geophys. Res. 84 6329
[2] Burrows J P, Weber M, Buchwitz M, Rozanov V, Ladstätter-Weiβenmayer A, Richter A, DeBeek R, Hoogen R, Bramstedt K, Eichmann K U, Eisinger M, Perner D 1999 J. Atmos. Sci. 56 151
[3] Richter A, Wittrock F, Weber M, Beirle S Khl S, Platt U, Wagner T, Wilms-Grabe W, Burrows J P 2002 J. Atmos. Sci. 62 778
[4] Martin R V, Chance K, Jacob D J J 2002 Geophys. Res. 107 doi:10.1029/2001JD001027
[5] Velders G J M, Granier C, Portmann R W, Pfeilsticker K, Wenig M, Wagner T, Platt U, Richter A, Burrows J P 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 12643
[6] Sierk B, Richter A, Rozanov A, von Savigny C H, Schmoltner A M, Buchwitz M, Bovensmann H, Burrows J P 2006 Envir. Monit. Ass. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9049-9
[7] Veefkind J P, Haan de J F, Brinksma E J, Kroon M, Levelt P F 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1239
[8] Grainger J R, Ring J 1962 Nature 193 762
[9] Vountas M, Rozanov V V, Burrows J P 1998 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 60 943
[10] Sioris C, Evans W F J 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 2706
[11] Fish D J, Jones R L 1995 Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 811
[12] Solomon S, Schmeltekopf A L, Sanders R W 1987 J. Geophys. Res. 92 8311
[13] Chance K, Spurr R J D 1997 Appl. Opt. 36 5224
[14] Bucsela E J, Celarier E A, Wenig M O, Gleason J F, Veefkind J P, Boersma K F, Brinksma E J 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1245
[15] Kattawar G W, Xu X 1992 Appl. Opt. 31 6491
[16] Gordon H R 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 3166
[17] Sugihara S, Kishino M, Okami N 1984 J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 40 397
[18] Stavn R H, Weidemann A D 1988 Appl. Opt. 27 4002
[19] Marshall B R, Smith R C 1990 Appl. Opt. 29 71
[20] Haltrin V I, Kattawar G W 1993 Appl. Opt. 32 5356
[21] Bartlett J S, Voss K J, Sathyendranath S, Vodacek A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 3324
[22] Sathyendranath S, Platt T 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 2216
[23] Vasilkov A P, Joiner J, Gleason J, Bhartia P 2002 Geophys. Res. Let. DOI 10.1029/2002GL014955
[24] Vountas M, Richter A, Wittrock F, Burrows J P 2003 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3 1365
[25] Han D, Chen L F, Su L, Tao J H, Li S S, Yu C, Wang Z F 2010 Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (in Chinese) [韩冬, 陈良富, 苏林, 陶金花, 李莘莘, 余超, 王子峰 2010光谱学与光谱分析 30 2137]
[26] Han D, Chen L F, Su L, Tao J H, Li S S, Yu C, Zhang Y, He B H 2011 Sci. China Earth Sci. 54 1407
[27] Rozanov A V, Rozanov V V, Buchwitz M, Kokhanovsky A A, Burrows J P 2005 Adv. Space Res. 36 1015
[28] Boersma, K F, Eskes H J, Veefkind J P, Brinksma E J, van Der A R J, Sneep M, van den Oord G H J, Levelt P F, Stammes P, Gleason J F, Bucsela E J 2007 Atm. Chem. Phys. 7 2013
[29] Zhou B, Chen L M, Hao N 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1529 (in Chinese) [周斌, 陈立民, 郝楠 2006 55 1529]
[30] Qi F, Liu W Q, Zhou B, Li Z B, Cui Y J 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1307 (in Chinese) [齐锋, 刘文清, 周斌, 李振壁, 崔延军 2003 52 1307]
[31] Vountas M, Dinter T, Bracher A, Burrows J P, Sierk B 2007 Ocean Sci. 3 429
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