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A new method of polarization modulation based triple-photoelastic-modulator (triple-PEM) is proposed as an key component of photo-elastic modulator-based imaging spectro-polarimeter (PEM-ISP) combined with acousto optic tunable filter. The basic principles of PEM-ISP and triple-PEM-based differential frequency polarization modulation are described, that is, the tandem PEMs are operated as an electro-optic circular retardance modulator in a high-performance reflective imaging system. Operating the PEMs at slightly different resonant frequencies generates a differential signal that modulates the polarized component of the incident light at a much lower heterodyne frequency. Then the basic equations for polarization measurement is derived by analyzing and calculating its Muller matrix. The simulation and experiments verify the feasibility and accuracy of polarization measurement by triple-PEM-based differential frequency polarization modulation. Finally, we analyze the influences of the setting of integral step and sampling interval of the detector polarization measurement, and a preliminary error analyses of field angle, phase retardation amplitude etc are also be carried out. The result shows that the measurement error of DoLP is less than 0.6% when the phase retardation error is 1%. This work provides the necessary theoretical basis for remote sensing of new PEM-ISP and for engineering implementation of Stokes parametric inversion.
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Keywords:
- polarization modulation /
- triple-photoelastic-modulator /
- heterodyne frequency /
- imaging spectropolarimeter
[1] Joseph S T, Dennis L G, David B C, Joseph A S 2006 Appl. Opt. 45 5453
[2] Zhu B H, Zhang C M, Jian X H, Zeng W F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 090701 (in Chinese) [祝宝辉, 张淳民, 简小华, 曾文锋 2012 61 090701]
[3] Wang X Q, Xiang L B, Huang M, Jing J J 2011 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 31 1968 (in Chinese) [王新全, 相里斌, 黄旻, 景娟娟 2011 光谱学与光谱分析 31 1968]
[4] Frank C, Jong W, Klamer S 2002 Opt. Eng. 41 1021
[5] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3332
[6] Ford K B, Michael R D 2001 Opt. Express 9 444
[7] Kurosaki H 2007 Adv. Space Res. 39 185
[8] Otto P H, Jochen L 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3332
[9] Jones H S, Iannarilli J F, Kehahian L P 2004 Opt. Express 12 6559
[10] Scharmer G B, Narayan G, Hillberg T 2008 Astrophys. J. 689 I 69
[11] Mahler A B 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Arizona: the University of Arizona)
[12] Jian X H, Zhang C M, Zhu B H, Zhao B C, Du J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7565 (in Chinese) [简小华, 张淳民, 祝宝辉, 赵葆常, 杜娟 2008 57 7565]
[13] Xie D H, Gu X F, Cheng T H, Yu T, Li Z Q, Chen X F, Chen H, Guo J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 077801 (in Chinese) [谢东海, 顾行发, 程天海, 余涛, 李正强, 陈兴峰, 陈好, 郭婧 2012 61 077801]
[14] Zhang C M, Ai J J, Ren W Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 7565
[15] Kemp J C 1969 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59 950
[16] Liu Y W, Jones G A, Peng Y, Shen T H 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 1
[17] Guan W, Jones G A, Liu Y W, Shen T H 2008 Appl. Phys. 103 043104
[18] Keller C U, Povel H, Stenflo J O 1994 Proc. SPIE 2265 222
[19] Gandorfer A M, Povel H P, Steiner P 2004 Astron. Astrophys. 422 703
[20] Ramelli R, Balemi S, Bianda M 2010 Proc. SPIE 773 5
[21] Christian T, Schmid H M, Anthony B 2008 Proceedings of Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II Marseille, France June 23, 2008 7014 70143F
[22] Diner D J, Davis A B, Hancock B 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 8428
[23] Diner D J, Davis A B, Hancock B 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 2929
[24] Candorfer A M, Povel H P 1997 Astron. Asirophys. 328 381
[25] Stenflo O J 1984 Appl. Opt. 23 1267
[26] Povel H 1995 Opt. Eng. 34 1870
[27] Mahler A B, Chipman R 2011 Proc. SPIE 6676 667601
[28] Kuldkepp M, Hawkes N C, Rachlew E 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 5899
[29] Katrašnik J, Pernuš F, Likar B 2010 Appl. Spectroscopy 64 1265
[30] Theocaris P S, Gdoutos E E 1979 Matrix Theory of Photo Elasticity (Vol.2) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
[31] Wei G, Grenville A J, Liu Y W, Shen T H 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 043104
[32] Wang B, List J 2005 Proc. SPIE 5888 436
[33] Zhang C M, Liu N, Wu F Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 949 (in Chinese) [张淳民, 刘宁, 吴福全 2010 59 949]
[34] Wu J F, Zhang C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 034201
[35] Kemp J C 2010 PEM-100 Photoelastic Modulator User Manual (Oregon: Hinds International, Inc.) p77
[36] Kuhn J R, Potter D, Parise B 2001 Astrophys. J. 553 L189
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[1] Joseph S T, Dennis L G, David B C, Joseph A S 2006 Appl. Opt. 45 5453
[2] Zhu B H, Zhang C M, Jian X H, Zeng W F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 090701 (in Chinese) [祝宝辉, 张淳民, 简小华, 曾文锋 2012 61 090701]
[3] Wang X Q, Xiang L B, Huang M, Jing J J 2011 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 31 1968 (in Chinese) [王新全, 相里斌, 黄旻, 景娟娟 2011 光谱学与光谱分析 31 1968]
[4] Frank C, Jong W, Klamer S 2002 Opt. Eng. 41 1021
[5] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3332
[6] Ford K B, Michael R D 2001 Opt. Express 9 444
[7] Kurosaki H 2007 Adv. Space Res. 39 185
[8] Otto P H, Jochen L 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 3332
[9] Jones H S, Iannarilli J F, Kehahian L P 2004 Opt. Express 12 6559
[10] Scharmer G B, Narayan G, Hillberg T 2008 Astrophys. J. 689 I 69
[11] Mahler A B 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Arizona: the University of Arizona)
[12] Jian X H, Zhang C M, Zhu B H, Zhao B C, Du J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7565 (in Chinese) [简小华, 张淳民, 祝宝辉, 赵葆常, 杜娟 2008 57 7565]
[13] Xie D H, Gu X F, Cheng T H, Yu T, Li Z Q, Chen X F, Chen H, Guo J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 077801 (in Chinese) [谢东海, 顾行发, 程天海, 余涛, 李正强, 陈兴峰, 陈好, 郭婧 2012 61 077801]
[14] Zhang C M, Ai J J, Ren W Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 7565
[15] Kemp J C 1969 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59 950
[16] Liu Y W, Jones G A, Peng Y, Shen T H 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 1
[17] Guan W, Jones G A, Liu Y W, Shen T H 2008 Appl. Phys. 103 043104
[18] Keller C U, Povel H, Stenflo J O 1994 Proc. SPIE 2265 222
[19] Gandorfer A M, Povel H P, Steiner P 2004 Astron. Astrophys. 422 703
[20] Ramelli R, Balemi S, Bianda M 2010 Proc. SPIE 773 5
[21] Christian T, Schmid H M, Anthony B 2008 Proceedings of Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II Marseille, France June 23, 2008 7014 70143F
[22] Diner D J, Davis A B, Hancock B 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 8428
[23] Diner D J, Davis A B, Hancock B 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 2929
[24] Candorfer A M, Povel H P 1997 Astron. Asirophys. 328 381
[25] Stenflo O J 1984 Appl. Opt. 23 1267
[26] Povel H 1995 Opt. Eng. 34 1870
[27] Mahler A B, Chipman R 2011 Proc. SPIE 6676 667601
[28] Kuldkepp M, Hawkes N C, Rachlew E 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 5899
[29] Katrašnik J, Pernuš F, Likar B 2010 Appl. Spectroscopy 64 1265
[30] Theocaris P S, Gdoutos E E 1979 Matrix Theory of Photo Elasticity (Vol.2) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
[31] Wei G, Grenville A J, Liu Y W, Shen T H 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 043104
[32] Wang B, List J 2005 Proc. SPIE 5888 436
[33] Zhang C M, Liu N, Wu F Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 949 (in Chinese) [张淳民, 刘宁, 吴福全 2010 59 949]
[34] Wu J F, Zhang C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 034201
[35] Kemp J C 2010 PEM-100 Photoelastic Modulator User Manual (Oregon: Hinds International, Inc.) p77
[36] Kuhn J R, Potter D, Parise B 2001 Astrophys. J. 553 L189
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