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The thickness of the active layer is limited by its low carrier mobility in the polymer solar cell composed of the blend bulk-heterojunction formed by P3HT as donor material and PCBM as acceptor material, which can affect the light absorption in the polymer solar cell. Nano-structure gratings inserted into polymer layer can redistribute the electrical field inside the device and improve its light absorption. Two-dimensional electrical field distributions inside the polymer solar cell are simulated with the grating period of 1 μ, fill ratio of 0.5 and incident wavelengths of 500 nm and 700 nm based on finite difference time domain. The light absorptions by the devices with different grating depths and fill ratios are calculated based on rigorous coupled wave. The analysis illustrates that light spots occur in the device due to the light diffraction caused by the gratings and the light absorption is increased by 4.2% with a grating fill ratio of 0.5, depth of 10 nm and an incident light wavelength of 512 nm. In experiment, nano-structure gratings are introduced into the devices by the micro-printing technology with PDMS and polymer solar cell is structured with ITO/ PEDOT:PSS gratings/ P3HT:PCBM/ LiF/ Al. The experimental results from the planar and the grating devices prove that the nano-structure gratings embedded in PEDOT:PSS layer increase the power conversion efficiency by 31%.
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Keywords:
- nano-structures gratings /
- finite difference time domain /
- rigorous coupled wave analysis /
- polymer solar cell
[1] Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang J S, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y 2005 Nature Mater. 4 864
[2] Park S H, Roy A, Beaupre S, Cho S, Coates N, Moon J S, Moses D, Leclerc M, Lee K, Heeger A J 2009 Nature Photonics 3 297
[3] Dou L, You J, Yang J, Chen C C, He Y, Murase S, Moriarty T, Emery K, Li G, Yang Y 2012 Nature Photonics 6 180
[4] He Z, Zhong C, Huang X, Wong W Y, Wu H, Chen L, Su S, Cao Y 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4636
[5] Huo L J, Zhang S Q, Guo X, Xu F, Li Y F, Hou J H 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 9697
[6] Li Y F 2012 Acc. Chem. Res. 45 723
[7] Chen D, Nakahara A, Wei D, Nordlund D, Thomas P R 2011 Nano Lett. 11 561
[8] Armbruster O, Lungenschmied C, Bauer S 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 085208
[9] Monestier F, Simon J J, Torchio P, Escoubas L, Flory F, Bailly S, Bettignies R, Stephane G, Defranoux C 2007 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91 405
[10] Chen M X, Nilsson D, Kugler T, Berggren M, Remonen T 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2011
[11] Wang J Z, Gu J, Zenhausern F, Sirringhaus H 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 133502
[12] Emelie P Y, Cagin E, Siddiqui J, Phillips J D, Fulk C, Garland J, Sivananthan S 2007 J. Electron. Mater. 36 841
[13] Green M A, Jordan D 1998 Progress in Photovoltaics 6 169
[14] Roman L S, Inganäs O, Granlund T, Nyberg T, Svensson M, Andersson M R, Hummelen J C 2000 Adv. Mater. 12 189
[15] Nilsson D, Chen M X, Kugler T, Remonen T, Armgarth M, Berggren M 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 51
[16] Boroumand F A, Fry P W, Lidzey D G 2005 Nano Lett. 5 67
[17] Hohnholz D, Okuzaki H, MacDiarmid A G 2005 Adv. Func. Mater. 15 51
[18] Lang U, Rust P, Dual J 2008 Microelectron. Eng. 85 1050
[19] Halik M, Klauk H, Zschieschang U, Kriem T, Schmid G, Radlik W, Wussow K 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 289
[20] Kang K S, Lim H K, Cho K Y, Han K J, Kim J 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 012003
[21] Xia Y, Whitesides G M 1998 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 37 551
[22] Xia Y, Whitesides G M 1998 Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28 153
[23] Quake S R, Scherer A 2000 Science 290 1536
[24] Wei B, Ge D B 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 648 (in Chinese) [魏兵, 葛德彪 2010 54 648]
[25] Moharam M G, Gaylord T K 1982 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72 1385
[26] Na S I, Kim S S, Jo J, Oh S H, Kim J, Kim D Y 2008 Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 3956
[27] Liu X C, Chakraborty A, Parthasarathib G, Luo C 2007 Proc. SPIE 6556 655602
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[1] Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang J S, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y 2005 Nature Mater. 4 864
[2] Park S H, Roy A, Beaupre S, Cho S, Coates N, Moon J S, Moses D, Leclerc M, Lee K, Heeger A J 2009 Nature Photonics 3 297
[3] Dou L, You J, Yang J, Chen C C, He Y, Murase S, Moriarty T, Emery K, Li G, Yang Y 2012 Nature Photonics 6 180
[4] He Z, Zhong C, Huang X, Wong W Y, Wu H, Chen L, Su S, Cao Y 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4636
[5] Huo L J, Zhang S Q, Guo X, Xu F, Li Y F, Hou J H 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 9697
[6] Li Y F 2012 Acc. Chem. Res. 45 723
[7] Chen D, Nakahara A, Wei D, Nordlund D, Thomas P R 2011 Nano Lett. 11 561
[8] Armbruster O, Lungenschmied C, Bauer S 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 085208
[9] Monestier F, Simon J J, Torchio P, Escoubas L, Flory F, Bailly S, Bettignies R, Stephane G, Defranoux C 2007 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91 405
[10] Chen M X, Nilsson D, Kugler T, Berggren M, Remonen T 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2011
[11] Wang J Z, Gu J, Zenhausern F, Sirringhaus H 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 133502
[12] Emelie P Y, Cagin E, Siddiqui J, Phillips J D, Fulk C, Garland J, Sivananthan S 2007 J. Electron. Mater. 36 841
[13] Green M A, Jordan D 1998 Progress in Photovoltaics 6 169
[14] Roman L S, Inganäs O, Granlund T, Nyberg T, Svensson M, Andersson M R, Hummelen J C 2000 Adv. Mater. 12 189
[15] Nilsson D, Chen M X, Kugler T, Remonen T, Armgarth M, Berggren M 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 51
[16] Boroumand F A, Fry P W, Lidzey D G 2005 Nano Lett. 5 67
[17] Hohnholz D, Okuzaki H, MacDiarmid A G 2005 Adv. Func. Mater. 15 51
[18] Lang U, Rust P, Dual J 2008 Microelectron. Eng. 85 1050
[19] Halik M, Klauk H, Zschieschang U, Kriem T, Schmid G, Radlik W, Wussow K 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 289
[20] Kang K S, Lim H K, Cho K Y, Han K J, Kim J 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 012003
[21] Xia Y, Whitesides G M 1998 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 37 551
[22] Xia Y, Whitesides G M 1998 Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28 153
[23] Quake S R, Scherer A 2000 Science 290 1536
[24] Wei B, Ge D B 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 648 (in Chinese) [魏兵, 葛德彪 2010 54 648]
[25] Moharam M G, Gaylord T K 1982 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72 1385
[26] Na S I, Kim S S, Jo J, Oh S H, Kim J, Kim D Y 2008 Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 3956
[27] Liu X C, Chakraborty A, Parthasarathib G, Luo C 2007 Proc. SPIE 6556 655602
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