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Atoms in the Mott insulator state trapped in an optical lattice are incoherence matter wave source. It is not the first-order, but the second-order interference effect (density correlation) that will appear for this incoherence wave source after being released. A density correlation function of the freely expanding ultracold gases is obtained theoretically, which presents sharp peaks of interference, and the stripes structure is similar to the diffraction gratings. It is further pointed out that the peak structure of the density correlation function depends on the relative position between two detectors. The phenomenon of subwavelength interference of matter waves is also proposed in this paper.
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[2] Mandel L, Wolf E 1995 Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
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[39] -
[1] Brown R H, Twiss R Q 1956 Nature 177 27
[2] Mandel L, Wolf E 1995 Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[3] [4] [5] Scully M O, Zubairy M S 1997 Quantum Optics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
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[7] [8] Boal D H, Gelbke C K, Jennings B K 1990 Rev. Mod. Phys. 62 553
[9] [10] Zhao X W, Chen X L, Zhang H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 482 (in Chinese) [赵杏文、程新路、张 红 2010 59 482]
[11] [12] [13] Yasuda M, Shimizu F 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3090
[14] [15] Li Y, Chen L S, Xiong H W 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 063608
[16] Flling S, Gerbier F, Widera A, Mandel O, Gericke T, Bloch I 2005 Nature 434 481
[17] [18] [19] Rom T, Best T, Van Oosten D, Schneider U, Flling S, Paredes B, Bloch I 2006 Nature 444 733
[20] Naraschewski M, Glauber R J 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 4595
[21] [22] [23] Jeltes T, McNamara J M, Hogervorst W, Vassen W, Krachmalnicoff V, Schellekens M, Perrin A, Chang H, Boiron D, Aspect A, Westbrook C I 2007 Nature 445 402
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[28] Greiner M, Mandel O, Esslinger T, Hnsch T W, Bloch I 2002 Nature 415 39
[29] [30] Liu S J, Xiong H W, Xu Z J, Huang G X 2003 J. Phys. B 36 2083
[31] [32] Xu Z J,Wang D M, Li Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3076 (in Chinese) [徐志君、王冬梅、李 珍 2007 56 3076]
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[36] [37] DAngelo M, Chekhova M V, Shih Y 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 013602
[38] Xiong J, Cao D Z, Huang F, Li H G, Sun Z J, Wang K G 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 173601
[39]
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