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优化设计了T形四周期谐振慢波结构, 并进行了高频理论分析. 利用镜像法将T形波导单元进行脊波导化等效设计, 并通过等效电路分析了等效脊波导的高频特性, 由此进行T形波导的谐振频率与结构解析理论分析. 在此基础上构造了T形四周期谐振慢波结构, 对该结构进行色散特性分析, 确定谐振模式和频率, 得到了模式同步电压范围. 最后基于提出的T形周期谐振慢波结构进行对应的相对论扩展互作用辐射源的仿真验证. 通过三维粒子仿真模拟分析及优化设计, 在448 kV注电压、400 A注电流和0.4 T的均匀轴向磁场条件下, 得到了频率为9.8 GHz、平均输出功率71.4 MW的高功率微波, 对应电子效率为39.8%. 本文提出的以T形波导为单元的新型谐振慢波结构有效地利用较少周期实现高效率、高功率微波产生, 为高功率微波科学提供了有效的高频结构的紧凑化方案.In this study, a T-shaped, four-period resonant slow-wave structure is optimally designed, and its high-frequency performance is comprehensively analyzed in theory. By using the image theory, the T-shaped waveguide unit is transformed into an equivalent ridge waveguide configuration. The high-frequency characteristics of the equivalent ridge waveguide, such as resonant frequency and structure of the T-shaped waveguide are analyzed by using equivalent circuit theory. The analysis has confirmed that in the ridge waveguide, starting from the second-highest order mode, the frequency points of the even-order modes are very consistent with those of the T-shaped waveguide; however, the odd-order modes have no such corresponding mode in the T-shaped waveguide, for they do not fulfill the electric boundary conditions required by the image method. On this basis, a T-shaped four-period resonant slow-wave structure is constructed, and its dispersion characteristics are analyzed to determine the resonant modes and frequencies, as well as the range of mode synchronization voltages. Simulations are subsequently performed to validate the effectiveness of the relativistic extended interaction radiation source, which includes the novel T-shaped periodic resonant slow-wave structure. Advanced three-dimensional particle simulations, in conjunction with optimization techniques show that a high-power microwave output at a frequency of 9.8 GHz, is achieved, which can delivers an average power of 71.4 MW. This output is attained under the conditions of a 448 kV beam voltage, 400 A beam current, and a 0.4 T uniform axial magnetic field, with an electron efficiency reaching 39.8%. This structure, characterized by the T-shaped waveguide, is demonstrated to be capable of producing high-efficiency, high-power microwaves with fewer periods, presenting a compact and efficient solution for generating high-power microwaves in advanced scientific applications.
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Keywords:
- high-power microwave source /
- extended interaction /
- slow-wave structure /
- transit radiation oscillator
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图 2 T形波导和脊波导的电场分布 (a) T型波导基模; (b) 脊波导二阶模; (c) T形波导二阶模; (d) 脊波导四阶模
Fig. 2. Electric field distributions of T-shaped waveguide and ridged waveguide: (a) Fundamental mode of T-shaped waveguide; (b) second order mode of ridged waveguide; (c) second order mode of T-shaped waveguide; (d) fourth order mode of T-shaped waveguide
图 3 两种模型的高次模频率对比
Fig. 3. Comparison of frequency between T-shaped waveguide and ridged waveguide.
图 4 理论频率和仿真理论以及误差 (a)谐振频率随${y_{\text{g}}}$的变化; (b) 谐振频率随${x_{\text{g}}}$的变化; (c)谐振频率随${z_{\text{g}}}$的变化
Fig. 4. Theoretical frequency and simulated frequency and error: (a) The variation of frequency and error with ${y_{\text{g}}}$; (b) the variation of frequency and error with ${x_{\text{g}}}$; (c) the variation of frequency and error with ${z_{\text{g}}}$.
图 5 T形四周期RSWS模型图
Fig. 5. Model of transit radiation oscillator with T-shaped slow-wave structure.
图 7 各腔的色散特性曲线 (a)第1腔; (b)第2腔; (c)第3腔; (d)第4腔
Fig. 7. Dispersion characteristics of each cavity: (a) The 1st cavity; (b) the 2nd cavity; (c) the 3rd cavity; (d) the 4th cavity
表 2 几个典型高功率微波器件的性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of several typical HPM devices.
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[1] Benford J, Swegle J A 2008 高功率微波 (第二版)(中译本) (江伟华, 张弛 译) (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第 35—92 页
Benford J, Swegle J A 2008 High Power Microwave (2nd Ed.) (Chinese Version) (translated by Jiang W H, Zhang C) (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) pp35–92
[2] 丁耀根 2020 真空电子技术 344 1
Google Scholar
Ding Y G 2020 Vacuum Electronics 344 1
Google Scholar
[3] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Li S F, Wang T F, Fang X H 2019 IEEE T. Electron. Dev. 66 722
Google Scholar
[4] Yang F X, Dang F C, Ge X J, He J T, Ju J C, Zhang X P 2022 IEEE T. Electron. Dev. 69 7074
Google Scholar
[5] Ju J C, Zhang J, Shu T, Zhong H H 2017 IEEE Electr. Device L. 38 270
Google Scholar
[6] 杨德文, 陈昌华, 史彦超, 肖仁珍, 滕雁, 范志强, 刘文元, 宋志敏, 孙钧 2020 69 164102
Google Scholar
Yang D W, Chen C H, Shi Y C, Xiao R Z, Teng Y, Fan Z Q, Liu W Y, Song Z M, Sun J 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 164102
Google Scholar
[7] Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402 (in Chinses) [黄华, 吴洋, 刘振帮, 袁欢, 何琥, 李乐乐, 李正红, 金晓, 马弘舸 2018 67 088402]
Google Scholar
Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402 (in Chinses)
Google Scholar
[8] 王加松, 李洪涛, 李冬凤 2022 真空电子技术 5 24
Google Scholar
Wang J S, Li H T, Li D F 2022 Vac. Electron. 5 24
Google Scholar
[9] Li S F, Huang H, Duan Z Y, Basu B N, Liu Z B, He H, Wang Z L 2022 IEEE Electr. Device L. 43 131
Google Scholar
[10] 宋玮, 刘国治, 林郁正, 邵浩 2008 强激光与粒子束 20 1322
Song W, Liu G Z, Lin Y Z, Shao H 2008 High Power Laser Particle Beams 20 1322
[11] 刘振帮, 赵欲聪, 黄华, 金晓, 雷禄容 2015 64 108404
Google Scholar
Liu Z B, Zhao Y C, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108404
Google Scholar
[12] 刘振帮, 雷禄容, 黄华, 金晓, 袁欢 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 142
Google Scholar
Liu Z B, Lei L R, Huang H, Jin X, Yuan H 2015 High Power Laser Part. Beams 27 142
Google Scholar
[13] 黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 59 1907
Google Scholar
Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907
Google Scholar
[14] 谢文球, 王自成, 罗积润, 刘青伦, 李现霞 2014 63 014101
Google Scholar
Xie W Q, Wang Z C, Luo J R, Liu Q L, Li X X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 014101
Google Scholar
[15] 邢俊毅, 冯进军 2010 真空电子技术 2010 33
Google Scholar
Xian J Y, Fang J J 2010 Vac. Electron. 2010 33
Google Scholar
[16] 王冬, 陈代兵, 秦奋, 范植开 2009 58 6962
Google Scholar
Wang D, Chen D B, Qin F, Fan Z K 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6962
Google Scholar
[17] 葛行军, 钟辉煌, 钱宝良, 张军 2010 59 2645
Google Scholar
Ge X J, Zhong H H, Qian B L, Zhang J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2645
Google Scholar
[18] 刘振帮, 黄华, 金晓, 王腾钫, 李士锋 2020 69 218401
Google Scholar
Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Wang T F, Li S F 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 218401
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang P, Shu T, Dang F C, Ge X j, Song L L, Yang F X, He J T 2022 IEEE T. Plasma Sci. 50 3557
Google Scholar
[20] 陈树强, 胡力, 林为干 1992 电子科技大学学报 21 11
Chen S Q, Hu L, Lin W G 1992 J. UEST. China 21 11
[21] Zhang K C, Wu Z H, Liu S G 2009 J. Infrared Milli Terahz. Waves 30 309
Google Scholar
[22] 邵玉 2017 硕士学位及论文 (合肥: 合肥工业大学)
Shao Y 2017 M. S. Thesis (Hefei: Hefei University of Technology
[23] 张开春 2009 硕士学位及论文 (成都: 电子科技大学)
Zhang K C 2009 M. S. Thesis (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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