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中红外波段的单光子源对于下一代量子传感、量子通信和量子成像的研究非常重要. 目前常用的产生中红外单光子源的方法是基于周期极化铌酸锂(periodically poled lithium niobate, PPLN)自发参量下转换过程. 但是, 基于普通PPLN制备的单光子源频域纯度不高, 最高值只有0.82左右, 会影响量子信息处理方案的保真度. 本文利用域设计理论对30 mm长铌酸锂晶体的4000个域进行了定制化排列, 消除了相位匹配函数中的旁瓣, 获得了高斯型的分布. 计算得到的单光子源的频域纯度可达0.99, 可调谐范围为2.7—3.3 μm. 该定制极化铌酸锂(customized poled lithium niobate, CPLN)有望为中红外波段量子信息研究提供性能优异的单光子光源.The single-photon source in mid-infrared (MIR) band is very important for the next generation of quantum sensing, quantum communication and quantum imaging. At present, the commonly used method of generating MIR single-photon source is based on the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process in the periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. However, the spectral purity of single-photon source based on the ordinary PPLN is not high, specifically, its maximum value is only about 0.82, which affects the fidelity of quantum information processing scheme. In this paper, 4000 polarized domains in a 30-mm-long LN crystal are customized by using the domain design theory. The sidelobes in the phase matching function are eliminated, and the Gaussian distribution is obtained. The calculated spectral purity of the single-photon source can reach 0.99, and its tunable range is 2.7–3.3 μm. The customized poled lithium niobate (CPLN) is expected to provide a single-photon source with excellent performance for the study of quantum information in the MIR band.
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Keywords:
- lithium niobate (LN) crystal /
- poling period design /
- mid-infrared (MIR) band /
- quantum light source
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图 2 (a) 不同σ参数值对应的归一化的PMF,
$\phi_0$ 表示$\phi(k)$ 的最大值; (b) 场振幅函数$A(z)$ 与目标场振幅函数$A_{{\rm{target}}}(z)$ ; (c) PMF与目标PMF; (d) 极化域分布g(z); (e)—(g) 泵浦包络函数, 相位匹配函数, 联合频谱分布, 对应纯度为99.99%Fig. 2. (a) The normalized PMF with different σ values, where
$\phi_0$ is the maximal value of$\phi(k)$ ; (b) field amplitude function$A(z)$ and the amplitude of the target field$A_{{\rm{target}}}(z)$ ; (c) PMF and the PMF of the target; (d) poled domain distribution g(z); (e)–(g) pump-envelope function, phase matching function and joint spectral amplitude, purity = 99.99%
图 3 (a) 在晶体不同位置处归一化的PMF,
$\phi_0$ 表示$\phi(k)$ 的最大值; (b) 相邻同极向域合并后, 新的域位置与域宽度分布; (c) 不同泵浦光中心波长2倍对应的纯度分布Fig. 3. (a) Normalized PMF at different positions of the crystal, where
$\phi_0$ is the maximal value of$\phi(k)$ ; (b) new location and width distribution after the same polarized domains are combined; (c) purity distribution at different pump central wavelengths (two times) -
[1] 郭光灿 2019 物理 48 464
Google Scholar
Guo G C 2019 Physics 48 464
Google Scholar
[2] 郭光灿 2020 中国科学: 信息科学 50 1395
Guo G C 2020 Sci. China Inf. Sci. 50 1395
[3] Jaeger L 2018 Phys. World 26 40
[4] Fernandez D C, Bhargava R, Hewitt S M, Levin I W 2005 Nat. Biotechnol. 23 469
Google Scholar
[5] Amrania H, Antonacci G, Chan C H, Drummond, Otto W R, Wright N A, Phillips C 2012 Opt. Express 20 7290
Google Scholar
[6] Shi J, Wong T T W, He Y, Li L, Wang L V 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 609
Google Scholar
[7] Bellei F, Cartwright A P, Mccaughan A N, Dane A E, Najafi F, Zhao Q, Berggren K K 2016 Opt. Express 24 3248
Google Scholar
[8] 危语嫣, 高子凯, 王思颖, 朱雅静, 李涛 2022 71 050302
Google Scholar
Wei Y Y, Gao Z K, Wang S Y, Zhu Y J, Li T 2022 Acta. Phys. Sin. 71 050302
Google Scholar
[9] Wang Q, Hao L, Zhang Y, Xu L, Yang C, Yang X, Zhao Y 2016 Opt. Express 24 5045
Google Scholar
[10] 陶志炜, 任益充, 艾则孜姑丽·阿不都克热木, 刘世韦, 饶瑞中 2021 70 170601
Google Scholar
Tao Z W, Ren Y C, Abdukirim A, Liu S W, Rao R Z 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 170601
Google Scholar
[11] Tan S H, Erkmen B I, Giovannetti V, Guha S, Lloyd S, Maccone L, Pirandola S, Shapiro J H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 253601
Google Scholar
[12] Sua Y M, Fan H, Shahverdi A, Chen J Y, Huang Y P 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 17494
Google Scholar
[13] Mancinelli M, Trenti A, Piccione S, Fontana G, Pavesi L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15184
Google Scholar
[14] Mccracken R A, Graffitti F, Fedrizzi A 2018 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35 C38
Google Scholar
[15] Prabhakar S, Shields T, Dada A C, Ebrahim M, Clerici M 2020 Sci. Adv. 6 eaay5195
Google Scholar
[16] Wei B, Cai W H, Ding C, Deng G W, Shimizu R, Zhou Q, Jin R B 2021 Opt. Express 29 256
Google Scholar
[17] 张越, 侯飞雁, 刘涛, 张晓斐, 张首刚, 董瑞芳 2018 67 144204
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Hou F Y, Liu T, Zhang X F, Zhang S G, Dong R F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 144204
Google Scholar
[18] Sun C W, Sun Y, Duan J C, Xue G T, Liu Y C, Lu L L, Zhang Q Y, Gong Y X, Xu P 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 100312
Google Scholar
[19] Zhan M Y, Sun Q C, Xiang T, Chen X F 2015 Laser Phys. 25 125203
Google Scholar
[20] Mosley P J, Lundeen J S, Smith B J, Walmsley I A 2008 New J. Phys. 10 093011
Google Scholar
[21] Jin R B, Wakui K, Shimizu R, Benichi H, Miki S, Yamashita T, Terai H, Wang Z, Fujiwara M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063801
Google Scholar
[22] Meyer-Scott E, Montaut N, Tiedau J, Sansoni L, Herrmann H, Bartley T J, Silberhorn C 2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 061803
Google Scholar
[23] Branczyk A M, Fedrizzi A, Stace T M, Ralph T C, White A G 2011 Opt. Express 19 55
Google Scholar
[24] Kaneda F, Oikawa J, Yabuno M, China F, Miki S, Terai H, Mitsumori Y, Edamatsu K 2021 arXiv: 2111.10981 [quant-ph]
[25] Dixon P B, Shapiro J H, Wong F N 2013 Opt. Express 21 5879
Google Scholar
[26] Chen C C, Bo C, Niu M Y, Xu F, Zhang Z S, Shapiro J H, Wong F N C 2017 Opt. Express 25 7300
Google Scholar
[27] Cui C H, Arian R, Guha S, Peyghambarian N, Zhang Q, Zhang Z 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 12 034059
Google Scholar
[28] Cai W H, Tian Y, Wang S, You C, Zhou Q, Jin R B 2022 Adv. Quantum Tech. 5 2200028
Google Scholar
[29] Tambasco J, Boes A, Helt L G, Steel M J, Mitchell A 2016 Opt. Express 24 19616
Google Scholar
[30] Dosseva A, Cincio L, Brańczyk A M 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 013801
Google Scholar
[31] Graffitti F, Kundys D, Reid D T, Branczyk A M, Fedrizzi A 2017 Quantum Sci. Technol. 2 035001
Google Scholar
[32] Graffitti F, Barrow P, Proietti M, Kundys D, Fedrizzi A 2018 Optica 5 514
Google Scholar
[33] Graffitti F, Barrow P, Pickston A, Brańczyk A M, Fedrizzi A 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 053603
Google Scholar
[34] Zhong H S, Wang H, Deng Y H, Chen M C, Peng L C, Luo Y H, Qin J, Wu D, Ding X, Hu Y, Hu P, Yang X Y, Zhang W J, Li H, Li Y X, Jiang X, Gan L, Yang G W, You L X, Wang Z, Li L, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2020 Science 370 1460
Google Scholar
[35] 田颖, 蔡吾豪, 杨子祥, 陈峰, 金锐博, 周强 2022 71 054201
Google Scholar
Tian Y, Cai W H, Yang Z X, Chen F, Jin R B, Zhou Q 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 054201
Google Scholar
[36] 翟艺伟, 董瑞芳, 权润爱, 项晓, 刘涛, 张首刚 2021 70 120302
Google Scholar
Zhai Y W, Dong R F, Quan R A, Xiang X, Liu T, Zhang S G 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 120302
Google Scholar
[37] Schlarb U, Betzler K 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 751
Google Scholar
[38] Jin R B, Shimizu R, Wakui K, Benichi H, Sasaki M 2013 Opt. Express 21 10659
Google Scholar
[39] Zhu J L, Zhu W X, Shi X T, Zhang C T, Hao X, Yang Z X, Jin R B 2022 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40 0100A9
Google Scholar
[40] Pickston A, Graffitti F, Barrow P, Morrison C, Fedrizzi A 2021 Opt. Express 29 6991
Google Scholar
[41] 金锐博, 田颖 2021 安徽大学学报: 自然科学版 45 10
Jin R B, Tian Y 2021 J. Anhui Univ. Nat. Sci. 45 10
[42] 王玺, 叶庆, 董骁, 雷武虎, 吕桐林, 郭彦廷, 胡以华 2022 红外与毫米波学报 41 8
Yu X, Ye Q, Dong X, Lei W H, Lv T L, Guo Y T, Hu Y H 2022 J. Infrared Millm. W. 45 10 (in Chinese)
[43] 胡舒武 2019 博士学位论文 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学)
Hu S W 2019 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
[44] 罗鸿禹 2019 博士学位论文 (成都: 电子科技大学)
Luo H Y 2019 Ph. D. Dissertation (ChengDu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
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