分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

刘铁根; 于哲; 江俊峰; 刘琨; 张学智; 丁振扬; 王双; 胡浩丰; 韩群; 张红霞; 李志宏

doi:10.7498/aps.66.070705

摘要

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域，其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化，光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置；分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应，利用光纤本身作为传感器，可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展，并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.

关键词:

光纤传感 /
分立式 /
分布式 /
传感网

Abstract

With the superiority of anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, light quality, small size and so on, optical fiber sensing technology is widely used in aerospace industry, petrochemical engineering, power electronics, civil engineering and biological medicine. It can be divided as discrete and distributed. Discrete optical fiber sensing utilizes fiber sensitive element as sensors to detect the quantity to be measured. Optical spectrum, light intensity and polarization are usually used as the sensitivity parameter because they can be modulated by parameter such as rotation, acceleration, electromagnetic field, temperature, pressure, stress, stress, vibration, humidity, viscosity, refractive index and so on. Fiber works as the channel and links the fiber sensor and demodulating equipment. After a long period of research, the discrete optical fiber sensing technology stretch out many branches, we discussed the most representative ones as follows, the fiber grating sensing technique, the fiber fabry perot sensing technique, the fiber gyroscope sensing technique, the fiber intracavity sensing technique, the fiber surface plasma sensing technique, hollow-core fiber whispering gallery mode sensing technique, magnetic fluid fiber sensing technique and fiber-based optical coherence tomography sensing technique. Based on optical effect as rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, distributed fiber sensing system uses fiber itself as a sensor, when the vibration, stress, voice or temperature acts on the fiber changes, the optical signal transfers inside the fiber will change accordingly. The fiber distributes in a large range and a long distance, then the signal can be located at different positions and realize the multi-position measurement. We discussed the main distributed fiber sensing technologies as follows, the interferometric disturbance fiber sensing technology, the optical frequency domain reflectometry fiber sensing technology, the -optical time domain reflectometer fiber sensing technology, the optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology and the optical fiber Raman sensing technology. The development of technology is promoting the integration and network of optical fiber sensing, now it also becomes a research hotspot. Fiber optic smart sensor network is formed by various discrete and discrete optical fiber sensors in certain topological structure with the function of self-diagnosis and self-healing. Current research concentrates in the following areas, the increase of the multiplex sensor number, the topological structure with higher robustness and the intelligent control of sensing network. In this paper, we discuss the origination, development and research progress of discrete, distributed optical fiber sensing technologies and optical fiber sensing network technology, and the future research direction is also prospected.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院, 天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室, 光电信息技术教育部重点实验室, 天津市光纤传感工程中心, 天津 300072

通信作者: 刘铁根, tgliu@tju.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：61675152，61227011，61378043，61475114，61505139，61505138）、国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项（批准号：2013YQ030915）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology Ministry of Education, Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Corresponding author: Liu Tie-Gen, tgliu@tju.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61675152, 61227011, 61378043, 61475114, 61505139, 61505138), and the National Instrumentation Program of China (Grant No. 2013YQ030915).

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施引文献

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