电荷生成层中引入超薄金属Ag层对串联有机发光二极管性能的提升

陶洪; 高栋雨; 刘佰全; 王磊; 邹建华; 徐苗; 彭俊彪

doi:10.7498/aps.66.017302

摘要

为了获得高效、长寿命的白光有机发光二极管（white organic light-emitting diode，WOLED），一种方法是将不同颜色的发光单元通过电荷生成层（charge generation layer，CGL）串联起来获得白光，即串联WOLED.其中，CGL的选择与设计是高性能串联白光器件的关键.本文首先从绿光OLED着手，通过在CGL层中引入超薄的Ag金属层，获得了高效、长寿命的串联器件.引入超薄Ag金属层的绿光串联OLED的最大亮度达到了290000 cd/m2，分别是单层器件和无超薄Ag金属层器件的2.9倍与2.4倍；在1000 cd/m2下，引入超薄Ag金属层的器件电流效率达到了59.5 cd/A，相比于无超薄金属层的串联器件的58.7 cd/A，以及非串联的单层器件的17.1 cd/A，分别增加了1.4%与248%；同时，与无超薄层的串联器件相比，引入超薄Ag金属层的器件工作电压从8.6 V降为7.2 V；功率效率从21.5 lm/W上升为26 lm/W.特别地，在初始测试亮度为10000 cd/m2的条件下，包含超薄Ag金属层的串联器件的工作寿命T80超过了250 h，与无超薄层串联器件仅2.7 h寿命相比，提高近100倍.最后，我们使用优化后的CGL制备出高性能串联WOLED，在1000 cd/m2下，电流效率达到了75.9 cd/A，功率效率达到了36.1 lm/W，且10000 cd/m2的初始亮度下T80有77 h.这些优异的器件性能归结于超薄金属层的引入，抑制了Bphen：CsCO3与HAT-CN在界面处的相互扩散，同时也促进了载流子的生成与传输.这一结果为设计高效且稳定的WOLED提供了有效的思路.

关键词:

Abstract

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have attracted both scientific and industrial interest in the solidstate lighting and display applications due to their exceptional merits,such as high luminances,low power consumptions, high efficiencies,fast response times,wide-viewing angles,flexibilities and simple fabrications.The power efficiency of WOLED has been step-by-step improved in the last 20 years,however,the lifetime of WOLED is still unsatisfactory, which greatly restricts the further development of WOLED.In general,the tandem structure can be used to obtain high-efficiency and long-lifetime WOLED.One of the most important features of this kind of structure is that the different-colors emitting units can be connected by the charge generation layer.Therefore,the key to achieving a highperformance tandem device is how to design the charge generation layer.In this paper,we first develop a tandem green OLED by using an effective charge generation layer with an ultra-thin Ag layer between 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline:CsCO3 and hexaazatriphenylenehexacabonitrile,achieving high luminance,low voltage,high efficiency and long lifetime.The green tandem device with ultra-thin Ag layer (device C) obtains a highest luminance of 290000 cd/m2,which is 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than those of the tandem devices without ultra-thin Ag (device B) and singleunit device (device A),respectively.The driving voltage of device C is 7.2 V at 1000 cd/m2,1.4 V lower than that of device B.Besides,the maximum current efficiency of device C is 60.4 cd/A,which is 2.4% and 220% higher than those of device B (59 cd/A) and device A (18.7 cd/A),respectively.The power efficiency of device C is 26 lm/W,which is 21% higher than that of device B (21.5 lm/W).Moreover,the lifetime (T80) of device C reaches 250 h at an initial luminance of 10000 cd/m2,which is nearly 100 times higher than that of device B (2.7 h).Finally,we fabricate a white tandem device with the optimized charge generation layer,achieving a current efficiency and power efficiency of 75.9 cd/A and 36.1 lm/W at 1000 cd/m2,respectively.In addition,the lifetime (T80) is 77 h at an initial luminance of 10000 cd/m2.All the excellent performances are ascribed to the introduction of the ultra-thin Ag layer into the charge generation layer, which can effectively block the charge generation layer from diffusing.This exciting discovery can provide an effective way to design efficient and stable WOLED,which is beneficial to the solid-state lighting and display markets.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
华南理工大学, 发光材料与器件国家重点实验室, 高分子光电材料与器件研究所, 广州 510640;

2.
广州新视界光电科技有限公司, 广州 510730

通信作者: 王磊, mslwang@scut.edu.cn;psjbpeng@scut.edu.cn ; 彭俊彪, mslwang@scut.edu.cn;psjbpeng@scut.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展规划（批准号：2015CB655004）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：61574061，61574062）、广东省科技计划（批准号：2014B090916002，2015B090915001，2015B090914003）、广东省特支计划科技创新青年拔尖人才项目（批准号：2014TQ01C321）、中国博士后科研基金（批准号：2015M582380，2016M590779）和广州市珠江科技新星专项（批准号：201506010015，201505051412482）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;

2.
New Vision Opto-Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510730, China

Corresponding author: Wang Lei, mslwang@scut.edu.cn;psjbpeng@scut.edu.cn ; Peng Jun-Biao, mslwang@scut.edu.cn;psjbpeng@scut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China（Grant No. 2015CB655004), National Natural Science Foundation of China（Grant Nos. 61574061, 61574062), Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province, China（Grant Nos. 2014B090916002, 2015B090915001, 2015B090914003), Special Support Program of Guangdong Province, China（Grant No. 2014TQ01C321), China Post-Doctoral Science Foundation（Grant Nos. 2015M582380, 2016M590779) and Pear River ST Nova Program of Guangzhou, China（Grant Nos. 201506010015, 201505051412482).

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施引文献

[1]	Liu B Q, Gao D Y, Wang J B, Zou J H, Peng J B 2015 Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 31 1823(in Chinese)[刘佰全, 高栋雨, 王剑斌, 邹建华, 彭俊彪2015物理化学学报31 1823]
[2]	Liu B Q, Tao H, Su Y J, Gao D Y, Lan L F, Zou J H, Peng J B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 077303
[3]	Liu B Q, Luo D X, Zou J H, Gao D Y, Ning H L, Wang L, Peng J B, Cao Y 2015 J. Mater. Chem. C 3 6359
[4]	Nishimoto T, Yasuda T, Lee S Y, Kondo R, Adachi C 2014 Mater. Horiz. 1 264
[5]	Zhang D, Duan L, Zhang Y, Cai M, Zhang D, Qiu Y 2015 Light Sci. Appl. 4 232
[6]	Meyer J, Shu A, Kröger M, Kahn A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 133308
[7]	Wang Q, Ma D G 2010 Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 2387
[8]	Kanno H, Giebink N C, Sun Y, Forrest S R 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 023503
[9]	Zhang H M, Dai Y F, Ma D G 2008 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 41 102006
[10]	Chiba T, Pu Y J, Kido J 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 4681
[11]	Hofle S, Bernhard C, Bruns M, Kubel C, Scherer T, Lemmer U, Colsmann A 2015 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 8132
[12]	Ran G Z, Jiang D F, Kan Q, Chen H D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 233304
[13]	Chen Y H, Chen J S, Ma D G, Yan D H, Wang L X, Zhu F R 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 243309
[14]	Liu J, Shi X D, Wu X K, Wang J, He G F 2015 J. Disp. Technol. 11 4
[15]	Kanno H, Holmes R J, Sun Y, Kena-Cohen S, Forrest S R 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 339
[16]	Chen C W, Lu Y J, Wu C C, Wu E H, Yang Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 241121
[17]	Hamwi S, Meyer J, Kroger M, Winkler T, Witte M, Riedl T, Kahn A, Kowalsky W 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1762
[18]	Zhou D Y, Shi X B, Liu Y, Gao C H, Wang K, Liao L S 2014 Org. Electron. 15 3694
[19]	Chen C W, Lu Y J, Wu C C, Wu E H, Chu C C, Yang Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 241121
[20]	Sun H D, Chen Y H, Chen J S, Ma D G 2016 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 22 1
[21]	Meyer J, Kroger M, Hamwi S, Gnam F, Riedl T, Kowalsky W, Kahn A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 193302
[22]	Liao L S, Klubek K P, Tang C W 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 167
[23]	Leem D S, Lee J H, Kim J J, Kang J W 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 103304
[24]	Lee S H, Lee J H, Kim K H, Yoo S J, Kim T G, Kim J W, Kim J J 2012 Org. Electron. 13 2346
[25]	Kim D H, Kim T W 2014 Org. Electron. 15 3452
[26]	Qi X F, Slootsky M, Forrest S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 193306
[27]	Liao L S, Klubek K P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 223311
[28]	Law C W, Lau K M, Fung M K, Chan M Y, Wong F L, Lee C S, Lee S T 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 133511
[29]	Wang Y P, Mi B X, Gao Z Q, Guo Q, Wang W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 087808 （in Chinese)[王旭鹏, 密保秀, 高志强, 郭晴, 黄维2011 60 087808]
[30]	Zhou D Y, Zu F S, Zhang Y J, Shi X B, Aziz H, Liao L S 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 083301
[31]	Sun H D, Guo Q X, Yang D Z, Chen Y H, Chen J S, Ma D G 2015 ACS Photon. 2 271
[32]	Zhao Y B, Tan S T, Demir H V, Sun X W 2015 Org. Electron. 23 70
[33]	Diez C, Reusch T C G, Lang E, Dobbertin T, Brtting W 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 103107
[34]	Zhou D Y, Siboni H Z, Wang Q, Liao L S, Aziz H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 223708
[35]	Yu J N, Lin H, Tong L, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang J H, Wang Z X, Wei B 2013 Phys. Status Solidi A 210 408
[36]	Liu B Q, Xu M, Wang L, Tao H, Su Y J, Gao D Y, Lan L F, Zou J H, Peng J B 2014 Nano-Micro Lett. 6 335
[37]	Liu B Q, Xu M, Tao H, Su Y J, Gao D Y, Zou J H, Lan L F, Peng J B 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 3090
[38]	Liu B Q, Wang L, Gao D Y, Xu M, Zhu X H, Zou J H, Lan L F, Ning H L, Peng J B, Cao Y 2015 Mater. Horiz. 2 536
[39]	Fan C, Yang C, Chem 2014 Soc. Rev. 43 6439
[40]	Yang X, Zhou G, Wong W Y 2015 Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 8484

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