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电子束与靶物质相互作用时的入射角测量是强流电子束热-力学效应研究中的难点问题. 提出了一种新的基于覆盖不同厚度衰减片微型法拉第筒阵列的电子束入射角测量方法, 与现有方法相比, 可获得具有时域特性和位置分布的强流电子束入射角分布. 以此方法进行了入射角二维分布(r, θ)测量实验, 结果表明, 电子束入射角二维分布与束流箍缩情况紧密相关. 如果箍缩不明显, 则电子主要在自身做回旋运动的同时沿着电力线运动, 多以垂直或者小角度(40°以下)轰击到阳极靶面; 如果箍缩明显, 受E×B漂移影响, 电子束入射角度会明显变大, 从40°以下增至60°左右.In recent years, a great many of effect data obtained from the high current pulsed electron beam play an important role in the studying of X-ray thermal-mechanical effects. Energy deposition profile is the criterion to measure the equivalence of thermal-mechanical effects between high-current electron beam and X-rays. To adjust the energy deposition profiles to improve the equivalence of the simulations of X-ray and thermal-mechanical effect, the intense electron beam energy deposition profile measurement should be studied. Two-dimensional distribution measurement which is an important part of the energy deposition profile is to obtain a two-dimension (r, θ) incidence angle distribution. A new method of measuring the incidence angle based on small Faraday cup array covered with aluminum films, called modified multi-layer stacking, is presented in this paper. With the help of the filtered Faraday cups, the transmission fraction of the electron beam confined at a specific position and time is stored. Two-dimension incidence angle distribution on the anode target that changes over the working time is obtained with these transmission fractions by computer calculation. The result indicates that the two-dimension incidence angle distribution has a close relationship with the pinch of the beam. The electrons tend to move vertically to the equipotential line when the diode is under Child-Langmuir flow, then they hit the target in a small angle range (E×B drift, the trajectory of the electrons becomes a slanted helix with pitch changing. The incidence angle then increases to about 60° from small angle.
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Keywords:
- intense electron beam /
- incidence angle /
- measurement method /
- Faraday cup array
[1] Qiao D J 2012 Pulsed X-ray Thermal-mechanical Effects and Fundament of Nuclear Hardening Techniques (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p1 (in Chinese) [乔登江 2012 脉冲X射线热-力学效应及加固技术基础(北京:国防工业出版社)第1页]
[2] Oswald Jr R B, McLean F B, Schallhom D R, Oldham T R 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 3563
[3] Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Peng J C, Yang H L, He X P, Shi L, Tang J P, Zhou N, Ding S, Niu S L 2002 Nuclear Techniques 25 714 (in Chinese) [邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 彭建昌, 杨海亮, 何小平, 石磊, 汤俊萍, 周南, 丁升, 牛胜利 2002 核技术 25 714]
[4] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Sun J F, Gao Y, Su Z F, Li J Y, Sun F J, Liang T X, Yin J H, Cong P T, Huang J J, Ren S Q 2009 Engin. Sci. 11 70 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 孙剑锋, 高屹, 苏兆峰, 李静雅, 孙凤举, 梁天学, 尹佳辉, 丛培天, 黄建军, 任书庆 2009 中国工程科学 11 70]
[5] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, He X P, Sun J F, Peng J C, Tang J P, Ren S Q, Ouyang X P, Zhang G G, Huang J J, Yang L, Wang H Y, Li H Y, Li J Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 406 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 何小平, 孙剑锋, 彭建昌, 汤俊萍, 任书庆, 欧阳晓平, 张国光, 黄建军, 杨莉, 王海洋, 李洪玉, 李静雅 2004 53 406]
[6] Chen N, Jing X B, Gao F, Zhang L W, Yin Z J, Li S P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 785 (in Chinese) [陈楠, 荆晓兵, 高峰, 章林文, 阴泽杰, 李世平 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 785]
[7] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Huang J J, Sun J F 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 14 778 (in Chinese) [杨海亮,邱爱慈,张嘉生,黄建军,孙剑锋 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 778]
[8] Huang J J 2003 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology)( in Chinese)[黄建军 2003 硕士学位论文(西安: 西北核技术研究所)]
[9] Ji C S 1990 Handbook of Nuclear Radiation Detectors & Their Experiment Techniques (Beijing: Nuclear Power Press) p33 (in Chinese) [汲长松 1990 核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册(北京: 原子能出版社)第33页]
[10] Hu Y, Yang H L, Sun J F, Sun J, Zhang P F, Li J Y 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 054002 (in Chinese) [胡杨, 杨海亮, 孙剑锋, 孙江, 张鹏飞 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 054002]
[11] Li Y D, Wang H G, Liu C L, Zhang D H, Wang J G, Wang Y 2009 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 12 1866 (in Chinese) [李永东, 王洪广, 刘纯亮, 张殿辉, 王建国, 王玥 2009 强激光与粒子束 12 1866]
[12] Zuo Y H, Wang J G, Zhu J H, Fan R Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 016204 (in Chinese) [左应红, 王建国, 朱金辉, 范如玉 2012 61 016204]
[13] Miller R B 1982 Introduction to the Physics of Intense Charged Particles (New York, London: Plenum Press) pp67-70
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[1] Qiao D J 2012 Pulsed X-ray Thermal-mechanical Effects and Fundament of Nuclear Hardening Techniques (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p1 (in Chinese) [乔登江 2012 脉冲X射线热-力学效应及加固技术基础(北京:国防工业出版社)第1页]
[2] Oswald Jr R B, McLean F B, Schallhom D R, Oldham T R 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 3563
[3] Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Peng J C, Yang H L, He X P, Shi L, Tang J P, Zhou N, Ding S, Niu S L 2002 Nuclear Techniques 25 714 (in Chinese) [邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 彭建昌, 杨海亮, 何小平, 石磊, 汤俊萍, 周南, 丁升, 牛胜利 2002 核技术 25 714]
[4] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Sun J F, Gao Y, Su Z F, Li J Y, Sun F J, Liang T X, Yin J H, Cong P T, Huang J J, Ren S Q 2009 Engin. Sci. 11 70 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 孙剑锋, 高屹, 苏兆峰, 李静雅, 孙凤举, 梁天学, 尹佳辉, 丛培天, 黄建军, 任书庆 2009 中国工程科学 11 70]
[5] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, He X P, Sun J F, Peng J C, Tang J P, Ren S Q, Ouyang X P, Zhang G G, Huang J J, Yang L, Wang H Y, Li H Y, Li J Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 406 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 何小平, 孙剑锋, 彭建昌, 汤俊萍, 任书庆, 欧阳晓平, 张国光, 黄建军, 杨莉, 王海洋, 李洪玉, 李静雅 2004 53 406]
[6] Chen N, Jing X B, Gao F, Zhang L W, Yin Z J, Li S P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 785 (in Chinese) [陈楠, 荆晓兵, 高峰, 章林文, 阴泽杰, 李世平 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 785]
[7] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Huang J J, Sun J F 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 14 778 (in Chinese) [杨海亮,邱爱慈,张嘉生,黄建军,孙剑锋 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 778]
[8] Huang J J 2003 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology)( in Chinese)[黄建军 2003 硕士学位论文(西安: 西北核技术研究所)]
[9] Ji C S 1990 Handbook of Nuclear Radiation Detectors & Their Experiment Techniques (Beijing: Nuclear Power Press) p33 (in Chinese) [汲长松 1990 核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册(北京: 原子能出版社)第33页]
[10] Hu Y, Yang H L, Sun J F, Sun J, Zhang P F, Li J Y 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 054002 (in Chinese) [胡杨, 杨海亮, 孙剑锋, 孙江, 张鹏飞 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 054002]
[11] Li Y D, Wang H G, Liu C L, Zhang D H, Wang J G, Wang Y 2009 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 12 1866 (in Chinese) [李永东, 王洪广, 刘纯亮, 张殿辉, 王建国, 王玥 2009 强激光与粒子束 12 1866]
[12] Zuo Y H, Wang J G, Zhu J H, Fan R Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 016204 (in Chinese) [左应红, 王建国, 朱金辉, 范如玉 2012 61 016204]
[13] Miller R B 1982 Introduction to the Physics of Intense Charged Particles (New York, London: Plenum Press) pp67-70
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