纳米结构表面上部分润湿液滴合并诱导弹跳的理论研究

刘天庆; 孙玮; 李香琴; 孙相彧; 艾宏儒

doi:10.7498/aps.63.086801

摘要

部分润湿液滴是适宜纳米结构表面上滴状冷凝传热的主要载体，研究纳米结构参数与部分润湿液滴合并弹跳之间的关系有重要意义. 本文依据冷凝液滴生长过程中能量增加最小的原理来判断其是否为部分润湿状态，并根据液滴合并前后的体积和界面自由能守恒，确定了合并液滴的初始形状，进而对合并液滴变形过程的动力学方程进行了求解. 结果表明：部分润湿冷凝液滴仅在纳米柱具有一定高度、直径间距比较大的表面上形成，而当纳米柱高度过低、直径间距比小于0.1时则形成完全润湿的冷凝液滴；液滴合并后能否弹跳与纳米结构参数紧密相关，仅在纳米柱较高、直径间距比适宜的表面上，部分润湿液滴合并后才能诱发弹跳；液滴尺度及待合并液滴间的尺度比对合并弹跳也有重要影响；多个部分润湿液滴合并后由于具有更多的过剩界面自由能而比两个液滴合并更容易诱发弹跳. 本模型对纳米结构表面上冷凝液滴是否合并诱发弹跳的计算结果与绝大部分实测结果相一致，准确率达到95%.

关键词:

纳米结构 /
冷凝 /
液滴弹跳 /
润湿

Abstract

Partially wetted (PW) droplets specially exist on textured surfaces with proper nano-structural parameters. Such tiny drops can depart from surfaces by coalescence-induced jumping, and become the main medium for dropwise condensation heat transfer. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the relationship between nano-structural parameters and PW drop post-merging jumping. In this study, the principle of minimum energy increasing during condensed droplets growth was used to judge if a condensed drop is in PW state. The initial shape of a coalesced droplet was determined based on the conservation of PW drop interface free energy and viscous dissipation energy before and after two or more PW condensed droplets merge. The dynamic equation describing the shape conversion of the post-coalescence droplet was then solved. Whether jumping or not of a merged drop was determined by whether the base radius of the droplet can reduce to 0 and if existing a up moving speed of drop gravity center at this moment. The calculation results show that PW droplets can form only on the textured-surfaces with certain nano-pillar height and relatively larger ratio between pillar diameter and pitch, dn/s, while completely wetted droplets easily form on the surfaces with low pillar height and dn/s less than 0.1. Meanwhile, post-coalescence jumping of PW droplets closely relates to nano-structural parameters. Not all PW drops can jump after merging. Instead, self-propelled jumping of PW drops takes place only on the surfaces with relatively higher nano-pillar height and suitable dn/s. Moreover, PW drop size and the scale ratio between two PW droplets to merge also have significant effect on the coalescence-induced jumping. It is difficult for a merged drop to jump spontaneously if the size of PW drops is too large or too small, or the scale ratio of two PW drops is too small. Finally, post-coalescence jumping of multi-droplets is easier than that of two drops since more surplus interface free energy exists in the former case. The calculation results of this model are well consistent with the experimental observations in literatures for whether the post-coalescence condensed drops jump on nano-textured surfaces, with accuracy of 95%. In conclusion, coalescence-induced jumping takes place only when PW droplets with suitable size on the textured surfaces with proper nano-structural parameters.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
大连理工大学化工学院, 大连 116024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：50876015）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50876015).

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施引文献

[1]	Miljkovic N, Wang E N 2013 MRS Bull. 38 397
[2]
[3]	Miljkovic N, Enright R, Nam Y, Lopez K, Dou N, Sack J, Wang E N 2013 Nano Lett. 13 179
[4]
[5]	Rykaczewski K, Paxson A T, Anand S, Chen X M, Wang Z K, Varanasi K K 2013 Langmuir 29 881
[6]	Wisdom K M, Watson J A, Qu X P, Liu F J, Watson G S, Chen C H 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 7992
[7]
[8]	Enright R, Miljkovic N, Al-Obeidi A, Thompson C V, Wang E N 2012 Langmuir 28 14424
[9]
[10]
[11]	Miljkovic N, Enright R, Wang E N 2012 ACS Nano 6 1776
[12]	Chen X M, Wu J, Ma R Y, Hua M, Koratkar N, Yao S H, Wang Z K 2011 Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 4617
[13]
[14]
[15]	Boreyko J B, Chen C H 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 184501
[16]	Boreyko J B, Chen C H 2010 Phys. Fluids 22 091110
[17]
[18]
[19]	Feng J, Pang Y C, Qin Z Q, Ma R Y, Yao S H 2012 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 6618
[20]
[21]	Boreyko J B, Collier C P 2013 ACS Nano 7 1618
[22]
[23]	Zhang Q L, He M, Chen J, Wang J J, Song Y L, Jiang L 2013 Chem. Commun. 49 4516
[24]	He M, Zhou X, Zeng X P, Cui D P, Zhang Q L, Chen J, Li H L, Wang J J, Cao Z X, Song Y L, Jiang L 2012 Soft Matter 8 6680
[25]
[26]
[27]	Boreyko J B, Chen C H 2013 Int. J. Heat. Mass. Trans. 61 409
[28]
[29]	Boreyko J B, Zhao Y J, Chen C H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 234105
[30]
[31]	Feng J, Qin Z Q, Yao S H 2012 Langmuir 28 6067
[32]	Yang Z, Wu Y Z, Ye Y F 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 126801
[33]
[34]	Gong M G, Xu X L, Yang Z Liu Y S, Liu L 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 56701
[35]
[36]
[37]	Yu J, Wang H J, Shao W J, Xu X L 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 16803
[38]
[39]	Gu C Y, Di Q F, Shi L Y, Wu F, Wang W C, Yu Z B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3071 (in Chinese) [顾春元, 狄勤丰, 施利毅, 吴非, 王文昌, 余祖斌 2008 57 3071]
[40]	Liang L X, Deng Y, Wang Y 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 108104
[41]
[42]	Wang B, Nian J Y, Tie L, Zhang Y B, Guo Z G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 146801 (in Chinese) [王奔, 念敬妍, 铁璐, 张亚斌, 郭志光 2013 62 146801]
[43]
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[46]
[47]	Rykaczewski K 2012 Langmuir 28 7720
[48]
[49]	Rykaczewski K, Scott J H J 2011 ACS Nano 5 5962
[50]	Liu T Q, Sun W, Li X Q, Sun X Y, Ai H R 2013 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 29 1762 (in Chinese) [刘天庆, 孙玮, 李香琴, 孙相彧, 艾宏儒 2013 物理化学学报 29 1762]
[51]
[52]
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[54]
[55]	Narhe R D, Beysens D A 2007 Langmuir 23 6486
[56]
[57]	Narhe R D, Beysens D A 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 76103
[58]
[59]	Wier K A, Mccarthy T J 2006 Langmuir 22 2433
[60]	Jung Y C, Bhushan B 2008 J. Microsc. Oxford 229 127
[61]
[62]
[63]	Lafuma A, Quere D 2003 Nature Mater. 2 457
[64]	Narhe R D, Gonzalez-Vinas W, Beysens D A 2010 Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 4930
[65]
[66]
[67]	Chen X L, Lu T 2009 Sci. China Series G: Phys. Mech. Astron. 52 233
[68]	Xiao X C, Cheng Y T, Sheldon B W, Rankin J 2008 J. Mater. Res. 23 2174
[69]
[70]
[71]	Furuta T, Sakai M, Isobe T, Nakajima A 2010 Langmuir 26 13305
[72]	Dietz C, Rykaczewski K, Fedorov A, Joshi Y 2010 J. Heat Transfer 132 080904
[73]
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[75]
[76]
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[78]
[79]	Liu T Q, Sun W, Sun X Y, Ai H R 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 1206 (in Chinese) [刘天庆, 孙玮, 孙相彧, 艾宏儒 2012 物理化学学报 28 1206]
[80]
[81]	Wang F C, Yang F Q, Zhao Y P 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 053112
[82]	Peng B L, Wang S F, Lan Z, Xu W, Wen R F, Ma X H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 151601
[83]
[84]
[85]	Harris J W, Stocker H 1998 Handbook of Mathematics and Computational Science (New York: Springer-Verlag) p107
[86]
[87]	Dorrer C, Ruehe J 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 159
[88]
[89]	Cheng J T, Vandadi A, Chen C L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 131909
[90]
[91]	Torresin D, Tiwari M K, Del Col D, Poulikakos D 2013 Langmuir 29 840

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