确定大气颗粒物平均滞留时间的新方法

刘亚春

doi:10.7498/aps.62.092301

摘要

从低层大气的基本属性出发,利用大气颗粒物中放射性核素的衰变特性与转移速率等相关信息, 建立了单位体积大气颗粒物中被吸附的放射性粒子数、衰变粒子数和转移粒子数的数学模型, 获得了确定低层大气颗粒物平均滞留时间的新方法.该方法解决了当前相关研究中出现的困惑, 说明了大气具有有限的自净功能,给出了大气颗粒物中同一衰变链上各核素达到活度平衡的条件及降低平均滞留时间的途径,为大气环境的监测与治理提供了科学依据.

关键词:

Abstract

The long life decay products 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po of 222Rn are adsorbed in atmospheric particulate matters, thus making it possible to estimate the average residence time by measuring the specific activity or activity ratio of radon daughters. However, the existing research results are rather bad in consistency and the contradictory phenomena cannot be reasonably explained, which makes it inapplicable to atmospheric environmental monitoring. For this reason, starting with the basic attributes of lower atmosphere, based on the decay characteristics, transfer rates and other related information of radioactive nuclides in atmospheric particulates, a mathematical model is built to reflect the relationship among the particle numbers of the absorbed, decayed and transferred. Then, a new method is presented to estimate the average residence time of atmospheric aerosol. The method can solve the confusion that have appeared in the current research, reveal that the atmosphere has limited self-purification function, and provide the condition for nuclides in the same decaying chain to decay to the activity balance and the way to reduce the average residence time. All these conclusions will provide a scientific basis for further study and exploitation in atmospheric environment monitoring.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

刘亚春^1,2

1.
南华大学数理学院, 衡阳 421001;

2.
南华大学核科学技术学院, 衡阳 421001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号:11075070)和湖南省研究生创新基金(批准号:CX2009B187)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Liu Ya-Chun^1,2

1.
School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;

2.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11075070), and the Innovation Foundation for Graduate of Hunan Province of China (Grant No. CX2009B187).

参考文献

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[4]	Yu Y, Zhang Z J, Li Y P 2003 Journal of Environment and Health 20 359 (in Chinese) [于燕, 张振军, 李义平 2003 环境与健康杂志 20 359]
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[7]	Pope C A 1995 Am Respir Crit Care Med 151 669
[8]	Dockery 1993 New England Journal of Medicine 329 1753
[9]	Li X 2003 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 210 412
[10]	Yue W S, Li X L, Liu J F 2006 Science of the Total Environment 368 916
[11]	Jia Y Q, Zhao X H, Guo X B 2011 J. Environ Health 3 206 (in Chinese) [贾玉巧, 赵晓红, 郭新彪 2011 环境与健康杂志 3 206]
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[23]	Tan Y L, Xia D T, Zhao G Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 9 5452 (in Chinese) [谭延亮, 肖德涛, 赵桂芝 2008 9 5452]
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[31]	Masqué P, Sanchez-Cabeza J A, Bruach J M 2002 Continental Shelf Research 22 2127
[32]	Dlugosz-Lisiecka M, Bem H 2012 Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 293 135

施引文献

[1]	Obot C J 2002 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 184 98
[2]	Auana K 2004 Science of the Total Environment 329 3
[3]	Zhou X F 2010 Environment and Life 12 15 (in Chinese) [周霞芳 2010 环境与生活 12 15]
[4]	Yu Y, Zhang Z J, Li Y P 2003 Journal of Environment and Health 20 359 (in Chinese) [于燕, 张振军, 李义平 2003 环境与健康杂志 20 359]
[5]	Yang X X, Feng L H, Wei P 2012 Frontier Science 21 22 (in Chinese) [杨新兴, 冯丽华, 尉鹏 2012 前沿科学 21 22]
[6]	Tan J H 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Guangzhou: Guangzhou Geochemical Research Institute of CAS) (in Chinese) [谭吉华 2007 博士学位论文(广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所)]
[7]	Pope C A 1995 Am Respir Crit Care Med 151 669
[8]	Dockery 1993 New England Journal of Medicine 329 1753
[9]	Li X 2003 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 210 412
[10]	Yue W S, Li X L, Liu J F 2006 Science of the Total Environment 368 916
[11]	Jia Y Q, Zhao X H, Guo X B 2011 J. Environ Health 3 206 (in Chinese) [贾玉巧, 赵晓红, 郭新彪 2011 环境与健康杂志 3 206]
[12]	Qian L, Yin Y, Tong Y Q, Wang W W, Wei Y X 2008 China Environmental Science 1 18 (in Chinese) [钱凌, 银燕, 童尧青, 王巍巍, 魏玉香 2008 中国环境科学 1 18]
[13]	Kunzli N, Kaiser R, Medina S, Studnicka M 2000 Lancet 365 795
[14]	Oboat C J, Morandib M T, Beebe T P 2002 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 184 98
[15]	Baulig A, Sourdeval M, Meyer M, Marano F, Baeza Squiban A 2003 Toxicology in Vitro 17 567
[16]	Kriston Aunan, Xiao Chuan. Pan 2004 Science of the Total Environment 329 3
[17]	Baskaran M, Shaw G E 2001 Aerosol Science 32 443
[18]	Ebaid Y Y, Khater A E M 2006 Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 270 609
[19]	Papastefanou C 2006 Applied Radiation and Isotopes 64 93
[20]	Shan J, Xiao D T, Liu W, Lin J, Wang G H, Wei N N, Zhou Q Z 2010 Acta Phys.Sin. 59 5358 (in Chinese) [单健, 肖德涛, 刘卫, 林俊, 王广华, 位楠楠, 周青芝 2010 59 5358]
[21]	Shan J 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hengyang: Nanhua University) (in Chinese) [单健 2010 博士学位论文(衡阳:南华大学)]
[22]	Le R C, Jia W Y, Wu Y P 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2457 (in Chinese) [乐仁昌, 贾文懿, 吴允平 2008 57 2457]
[23]	Tan Y L, Xia D T, Zhao G Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 9 5452 (in Chinese) [谭延亮, 肖德涛, 赵桂芝 2008 9 5452]
[24]	Hong J Q, Le R C, He Z J, Ye Q Y, Chen J D, Zhou B Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5452 (in Chinese) [洪锦泉, 乐仁昌, 何志杰, 叶全意, 陈健俤, 周宝庸 2008 58 5350]
[25]	Lu X T 2002 Nuclear physics (Beijing: Atomic Energy Press) p22 (in Chinese) [卢希庭 2002 原子核物理 (北京:原子能出版社) 第22页]
[26]	Cai C G 2005 College Physics 8 81 (in Chinese) [蔡崇贵 2005 大学物理 8 81]
[27]	Nozaki Y, Tsunogai S 1976 Earth and planetary Science letters 32 313
[28]	Lambert G, Polian G, Sanak J 1982 Ann. Geophys 38 497
[29]	Guebuem Kim, Najid Hussain, Hhomas M. Church 2000 Tellus 52B 74
[30]	Yang W F, Huang Y P, Chen M 2006 Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences) 1 81 (in Chinese) [杨伟锋, 黄奕普, 陈敏 2006 中国科学(D辑,地球科学) l 81]
[31]	Masqué P, Sanchez-Cabeza J A, Bruach J M 2002 Continental Shelf Research 22 2127
[32]	Dlugosz-Lisiecka M, Bem H 2012 Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 293 135

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