双出口房间内疏散行人流的仿真和实验研究

陈亮; 郭仁拥; 塔娜

doi:10.7498/aps.62.050506

摘要

为研究行人疏散过程中的路径选择行为, 提出了一个基于元胞自动机的行人微观模型, 并组织了三组双出口教室内的学生疏散实验. 模型中, 行人路径选择行为受其到出口距离、前方路径通行能力和行人间排斥力影响. 通过观察实验结果, 得到一些相关现象. 利用实验结果对模型参数进行校正. 利用校正模型对该教室内疏散学生流进行仿真, 结果表明模型能有效地刻画教室内学生流的疏散特征, 疏散时间随学生人数线性增加. 该研究有助于类似场景中行人疏散策略和方案的制定.

关键词:

元胞自动机 /
行人疏散 /
仿真 /
实验

Abstract

A microscopic pedestrian model based on cellular automata is proposed and three groups of experiments on pedestrian evacuation from a double-exit room are conducted to investigate the route choice of pedestrians during evacuation. In the model, the route-choice behavior of pedestrians is affected by the route distance from the pedestrians to the exit, the capacity of the frontal route, and the repulsive force between pedestrians. Through the analysis of the video recordings, certain conclusions related to the route choice of pedestrians in these experiments are obtained. Model parameters are calibrated by the experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the model can reproduce the evacuation behavior of pedestrians in the room effectively and evacuation time is an increasing linear function of student number. The present study is helpful for devising evacuation strategies and schemes in buildings that are similar to the room.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
内蒙古大学计算机学院, 呼和浩特 010021

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 71001047, 71261016)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 71001047, 71261016).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Zhou J W, Kuang H, Liu M R, Kong L J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3001 (in Chinese) [周金旺, 邝华, 刘慕仁, 孔令江 2009 58 3001]
[2]	Yue H, Zhang X, Chen G, Shao C F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 130509 (in Chinese) [岳昊, 张旭, 陈刚, 邵春福 2012 61 130509]
[3]	Hughes R L 2002 Trans. Res. B 32 507
[4]	Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, Zittart J 2001 Physica A 295 507
[5]	Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T 2000 Nature 407 487
[6]	Guo R Y, Guo X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 018901
[7]	Fang W F, Yang L Z, Fan W C 2003 Physica A 321 633
[8]	Yang L X, Zhao X M, Gao Z Y, Zheng J F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100501 (in Chinese) [杨凌霄, 赵小梅, 高自友, 郑建风 2011 60 100501]
[9]	Ren G, Lu L L, Wang W 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 144501 (in Chinese) [任刚, 陆丽丽, 王炜 2012 61 144501]
[10]	Kirchner A, Schadschneider A 2002 Physica A 312 260
[11]	Kirchner A, Klupfel H, Nishinari K, Schadschneider A, Schreckenberg M 2003 Physica A 324 689
[12]	Kirchner A, Nishinari K, Schadschneider A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 056122
[13]	Xu Y, Huang H J, Yong G 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 080502
[14]	Yang L Z, Fang W F, Huang R, Deng Z H 2002 Chin. Sci. Bull. 47 1484
[15]	Yang L Z, Fang W F, Li J, Huang R, Fan W C 2003 Chin. Sci. Bull. 48 1695
[16]	Zhao D L, Yang L Z, Li J 2008 Physica A 387 3708
[17]	Yue H, Hao H R, Chen X M, Shao C F 2007 Physica A 384 567
[18]	Yue H, Shao C F, Chen X M, Hao H R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6901 (in Chinese) [岳昊, 邵春福, 陈晓明, 郝合瑞 2008 57 6901]
[19]	Yue H, Shao C F, Yao Z S 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4523 (in Chinese) [岳昊, 邵春福, 姚智胜 2009 58 4523]
[20]	Zhu N, Jia B, Shao C F, Yue H 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 050501
[21]	Zarita Z, Lim E A 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 018901
[22]	Xie J J, Xue Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 194502 (in Chinese) [谢积鉴, 薛郁 2012 61 194502]
[23]	Guo R Y, Huang H J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 030501
[24]	Guo R Y, Huang H J 2011 J. Stat. Mech. P04018
[25]	Liu S B, Yang L Z, Fang T Y, Li L 2009 Physica A 388 1921
[26]	Zhu K J, Yang L Z 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7701 (in Chinese) [朱孔金, 杨立中 2010 59 7701]
[27]	Guo R Y, Huang H J, Wong S C 2012 Trans. Res. B 46 669

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