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The performance of matched-field localization with a horizontal line array (HLA) at different depths in shallow water is investigated by normal mode modeling and computer simulation. It is observed that the matched-field localization performance of a bottom-mounted HLA is better than that of a HLA at other depths in shallow water. The normal mode modeling is used to explain this result. According to the normal mode theory, the mode shape is a function of water depth. The absolute values of the modes at different depths are compared. It is shown that the number of modes whose absolute values close to zero is smaller at the bottom than at other depths. It means that the HLA deployed at the bottom can sample more modes，obtain more information of the source and achieve better localization performance.
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Keywords:
- horizontal line array /
- matched-field localization /
- array depth
[1] ［1］Yang K, MA Y 2009 Acta Phy. Sin. 58 1798 (in Chinese) ［杨坤德、马远良 2009 58 1798］
[2] ［2］Li Z, Zhang R, Yan J P, Zhao H, Li F 2003 Acta Acustica 28 425 (in Chinese) ［李整林、 张仁和、 鄢锦、 彭朝辉、 李风华 2002 声学学报 28 425］
[3] ［3］Baggeroer A B, Kuperman W A, Mikhalevsky P N 1993 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 18 401
[4] ［4］Tolstoy A 1993 Matched field processing for underwater acoustics (Singapore: World Scientific) p14
[5] ［5］Yang K 2008 Matched-Field Processing for Underwater Acoustic Array Signals ( Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) p165 (in Chinese) ［杨坤德 2008 水声阵列信号的匹配场处理 (西安: 西北工业大学出版社) 第165页］
[6] ［6］Bogart C W, Yang T C 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 1677
[7] ［7］Tantum S L, Nolte L W 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 2101
[8] ［8］Siderius M, Nielsen P L, Gerstoft P 2003 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 28 424
[9] ［9］Barlee R M S, Chapman N R, Wilmut M J 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 773
[10] ］Tollefsen D, Wilmut M J, Chapman R 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 764
[11] ］Tollefsen D, Dosso S E, Wilmut M J 2006 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120 221
[12] ］Tollefsen D, Dosso S E 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 788
[13] ］Yang K, Ma Y, Sun C, Miller J H, Potty G R 2004 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 29 964
[14] ］Yang K, Chapman N R, Ma Y 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 833
[15] ］Zhang R, Li F 1999 Science in China,Ser.A 42 739
[16] ］Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2000 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: American Institute of Physics) p67
[17] ］Yu Y, Hui J, Zhao A, Sun G, Teng C 2008 Acta Phy. Sin. 57 5742 (in Chinese) ［余赟、 惠俊英、 赵安邦、 孙国仓、 滕超 2008 57 5742］
[18] ］Zhang R 1975 Acta Phy. Sin. 24 200 (in Chinese) ［张仁和 1975 24 200］
[19] ］Porter M B 1991 The KRAKEN normal mode program (La Spezia, Italy: SACLANT Underwater Acoustic Research Centre)
[20] ］Yang K, Ma Y 2006 Acta Acoustica 31 399 (in Chinese)［杨坤德、 马远良 2006 声学学报 31 399］［21］Weston D E 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 282
[21] ］Hamson R M, Heitmeyer R M 1989 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86 1950
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[1] ［1］Yang K, MA Y 2009 Acta Phy. Sin. 58 1798 (in Chinese) ［杨坤德、马远良 2009 58 1798］
[2] ［2］Li Z, Zhang R, Yan J P, Zhao H, Li F 2003 Acta Acustica 28 425 (in Chinese) ［李整林、 张仁和、 鄢锦、 彭朝辉、 李风华 2002 声学学报 28 425］
[3] ［3］Baggeroer A B, Kuperman W A, Mikhalevsky P N 1993 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 18 401
[4] ［4］Tolstoy A 1993 Matched field processing for underwater acoustics (Singapore: World Scientific) p14
[5] ［5］Yang K 2008 Matched-Field Processing for Underwater Acoustic Array Signals ( Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) p165 (in Chinese) ［杨坤德 2008 水声阵列信号的匹配场处理 (西安: 西北工业大学出版社) 第165页］
[6] ［6］Bogart C W, Yang T C 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 1677
[7] ［7］Tantum S L, Nolte L W 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 2101
[8] ［8］Siderius M, Nielsen P L, Gerstoft P 2003 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 28 424
[9] ［9］Barlee R M S, Chapman N R, Wilmut M J 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 773
[10] ］Tollefsen D, Wilmut M J, Chapman R 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 764
[11] ］Tollefsen D, Dosso S E, Wilmut M J 2006 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120 221
[12] ］Tollefsen D, Dosso S E 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 788
[13] ］Yang K, Ma Y, Sun C, Miller J H, Potty G R 2004 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 29 964
[14] ］Yang K, Chapman N R, Ma Y 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 833
[15] ］Zhang R, Li F 1999 Science in China,Ser.A 42 739
[16] ］Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2000 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: American Institute of Physics) p67
[17] ］Yu Y, Hui J, Zhao A, Sun G, Teng C 2008 Acta Phy. Sin. 57 5742 (in Chinese) ［余赟、 惠俊英、 赵安邦、 孙国仓、 滕超 2008 57 5742］
[18] ］Zhang R 1975 Acta Phy. Sin. 24 200 (in Chinese) ［张仁和 1975 24 200］
[19] ］Porter M B 1991 The KRAKEN normal mode program (La Spezia, Italy: SACLANT Underwater Acoustic Research Centre)
[20] ］Yang K, Ma Y 2006 Acta Acoustica 31 399 (in Chinese)［杨坤德、 马远良 2006 声学学报 31 399］［21］Weston D E 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 282
[21] ］Hamson R M, Heitmeyer R M 1989 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86 1950
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