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光电倍增管（Photomultiplier Tubes，PMT）具有光子级别的灵敏度，低暗计数，低后脉冲概率，目前被广泛应用于可见光波段的光子计数雷达中。PMT没有光子探测死区时间，每响应一个光子就会输出一个电子流脉冲，这些电子流脉冲有可能堆成规模更大的脉冲，使用阈值鉴别法鉴别光子事件时，堆叠的脉冲会引入额外的脉冲行走误差。考虑到脉冲堆叠的影响，建立了新的PMT光子探测理论模型，并通过蒙特卡洛仿真，得到了基于PMT的光子计数测距法的行走误差、测距精度和回波激光脉宽，PMT输出电子流脉宽以及光子事件鉴别阈值之间的关系。搭建了基于PMT的激光雷达系统，通过与GM-APD的对比实验证明了脉冲堆叠对PMT光子计数法测距存在不可忽略的影响。考虑到脉冲堆叠的PMT光子探测模型能够指导基于PMT的光子计数雷达的设计，提高测距系统的测距精度和准度。Photomultiplier tubes (PMT) have single photon level sensitivity, low dark count, low after pulse probability, and are widely used in photon-counting lidar in visible spectrum. PMT has no photon detection dead time, for every photon it responds to, it sends out a electron flow pulse, these pulses of electron flow have the po·tential to pile up into larger pulses. When using threshold identification method to identify photon-events, stacked pulse will introduce additional pulse walking error, in the practical application of laser ranging, will directly affect the ranging precision of photon-counting ranging method. Considering the influence of pulse pile-up, a new theoretical model of PMT photon detection was established to describe the influence of pulse pile-up on the detection probability of photon-events by analyzing the relationship between the detection time of photon and the identification time of the PMT final output photon-events. Through Monte Carlo simulation, the relationship among the ranging walking error, ranging accuracy, incident laser pulse width, PMT output electron flow pulse width and photon-events identification threshold is obtained. In order to verify the correctness of the theory, a PMT-based photon-counting lidar system is built. The comparison experiment with GM-APD proves that the influence of pulse pile-up on PMT photon-counting ranging method can not be ignored, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model. The PMT photon detection model based on pulse pile-up can guide the design of PMT photon-counting radar and improve the ranging accuracy and precision of the ranging system.
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Keywords:
- Photomultiplier tubes /
- Pulse pile up /
- photon-counting /
- ranging
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