神光Ⅲ激光装置直接驱动内爆靶产生的连续谱X光源

王雅琴; 胡广月; 赵斌; 郑坚

doi:10.7498/aps.66.115202

摘要

激光驱动的内爆靶通过轫致辐射过程可以产生覆盖1-100 keV能区的小尺寸、短脉冲和高亮度的光滑连续谱X光源，可用于高密度等离子体的点投影照相和吸收谱诊断等.本文对30-180 kJ输出能量的神光Ⅲ激光装置直接驱动氘氚冷冻靶产生的连续谱X光源辐射特性进行了模拟研究，为优化内爆光源提供物理基础.采用了美国OMEGA激光装置和美国国家点火装置（NIF）使用的定标率来给出不同驱动能量时的靶参数和激光脉冲参数.研究发现，内爆靶丸在停滞阶段瞬时的密度和温度剧增可以产生尺寸约100 μm、发光时间约150 ps的X光脉冲；X光辐射主要产生于被压缩的氘氚冰壳层内侧、而不是中心的高温气体热斑区；等离子体的自吸收可以显著降低1-3 keV的较低能区的X光发射，但对更高能区没有影响；X光辐射主要集中在30 keV的硬X光辐射、但对<30 keV的较软的X光辐射没有明显贡献.

关键词:

X光源 /
内爆靶丸 /
轫致辐射

Abstract

Spectrally smooth X-ray sources can be used in point projection radiography and absorption spectrometry diagnostics of dense plasmas. But conventionally they are end at about 3.5 keV, which can only be used to diagnose materials up to Z=18. Spectrally smooth X-ray sources above 3.5 keV are needed to study higher-Z materials. Bremsstrahlung radiation from a laser driven implosion target can produce a small size, short duration and spectrally smooth X-ray source in the range of 1-100 keV. They have been successfully applied in the investigations of middle-Z materials in the 3-7 keV X-ray range. Despite much interest for backlit X-ray studies of middle- and high-Z dense materials, research on implosion X-ray sources are scarce. Characterization of the implosion X-ray source is needed to understand and improve its performance.To provide a physical basis for optimization, the properties of the deuterium-tritium (DT) implosion target X-ray source driven by 30-180 kJ laser pulses were explored using a radiation hydrodynamics code.We focus on laser pulse energies of 30-180 kJ at 351 nm wavelength to match the range of the OMEGA laser on the low end and the SG-Ⅲ laser on the high end. The laser pulse parameters are scaled with the target size in identical fashion to that of the OMEGA laser and the ignition designs of the National Ignition Facility to maintain the same irradiance on the surface of the capsule.The temporal and spatial evolution of the implosion targets was calculated using Multi-1D, a one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code. The emergent X-ray spectrum is calculated by post-processing from the time histories of the temperature and density profiles output by the Multi-1D code. We adjusted the laser absorption fraction to ensure neutron yield in accordance with OMEGA's 1D simulation results.It shows that the rapid increase of density and temperature at stagnation time develops a 150 ps point X-ray flash with approximately 100 μm size. The dominant X-ray emission comes from the inner layer of the dense compressed shell, which should be the focus of future efforts to improve the X-ray emission. Softer X-rays below 30 keV carry most of the energy due to the exponentially decaying spectral profile of implosion X-ray source. Opacity of the dense compressed shell plasma can markedly reduce the very softer X-ray emission of 1-3 keV. DT fusion reactions can enhance the share of harder X-rays above 30 keV greatly, while show negligible effect on the brightness of the implosion X-ray source. Thus higher-Z plastic target or glass target may be a better choice in generating the implosion X-ray source.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学技术大学现代物理系, 近地空间重点实验室, 合肥 230026;

2.
南京工程学院数理部, 南京 211167;

3.
上海交通大学, IFSA协同创新中心, 上海 200240

通信作者: 胡广月, gyhu@ustc.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11105147，11375197，11175179，11275202）、中国科学院战略先导专项项目（批准号：XDB16）、强场激光物理国家重点实验室开放基金和科学挑战计划（批准号：JCKY2016212A505）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;

2.
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;

3.
IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Hu Guang-Yue, gyhu@ustc.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11105147, 11375197, 11175179, 11275202), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB16), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics (SIOM), and the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. JCKY2016212A505).

参考文献

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[4]	Zhang J Y, Xu Y, Yang J M, Yang G H, Li H, Yuan Z, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Bao L H, Huang C W, Wu Z Q, Yan J, Ding Y K, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J 2001 Phys. Plasmas 18 113301
[5]	Zhang J Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Yuan Z, Zhang H Y, Yang G H, Yang J M, Liu S Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J, Xu Y, Meng X J, Yan J 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 113302
[6]	Zhang X D, Zhang J Y, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Zhao B, Yang G H, Zheng J, Yang J M 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 123301
[7]	Sawada H, Regan S P, Radha P B, Epstein R, Li D, Goncharov V N, Hu S X, Meyerhofer D D, Delettrez J A, Jaanimagi P A, Smalyuk V A, Boehly T R, Sangster T C, Yaakobi B, Mancini R C 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 052702
[8]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Mancini R C, Iglesias C A, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I E, Blancard C, Cosse P, Faussurier G 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 058101
[9]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Iglesias C A, Abdallah Jr J, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I, Wang P, Mancini R C, Lake P W, Moore T C, Bump M, Garcia O, Mazevet S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 265002
[10]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Mancini R C, Iglesias C A, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I E, Pain J C, Gilleron F, Blancard C, Cosse P, Faussurier G, Chandler G A, Nash T J, Nielsen D S, Lake P W 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 113104
[11]	Hansen J F, Glendinning S G, Heeter R F, Brockington S J E 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 013504
[12]	Remington B A, Allen P, Bringa E M, Hawreliak J, Ho D, Lorenz K T, Lorenzana H, McNaney J M, Meyers M A, Pollaine S W, Rosolankova K, Sadik B, Schneider M S, Swift D, Wark J, Yaakobi B 2006 Mater. Sci. Technol. 22 474
[13]	Moses E I, Boyd R N, Remington B A, Keane C J, Al-Ayat R 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 041006
[14]	Eason R W, Bradley D K, Kilkenny J D, Greaves G N 1984 J. Phys. C 17 5067
[15]	Shiwai B A, Djaoui A, Hall T A, Tallents G J, Rose S J 1992 Laser Part. Beams 10 41
[16]	Yaakobi B, Marshall F J, Boehly T R, Town P R J, Meyerhofer D D 2003 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 238
[17]	Yaakobi B, Meyerhofer D D, Boehly T R, Rehr J J, Remington B A, Allen P G, Pollaine S M, Albers R C 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 095504
[18]	Yaakobi B, Boehly T R, Meyerhofer D D, Collins T J B, Remington B A, Allen P G, Pollaine S M, Lorenzana H E, Eggert J H 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 075501
[19]	Maddox B R, Park H S, Remington B A, Chen C, Chen S, Prisbrey S T, Comley A, Back C A, Szabo C, Seely J F, Feldman U, Hudson L T, Seltzer S, Haugh M J, Ali Z 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 056709
[20]	Hammer D 2008 JASON Report on DTRA National Ignition Facility(NIF) JSR-08-800
[21]	Zheng W G, Wei X F, Zhu Q H, Jing F, Hu D X, Su J Q, Zheng K X, Yuan X D, Zhou H, Dai W J, Zhou W, Wang F, Xu D P, Xie X D, Feng B, Peng Z T, Guo L F, Chen Y B, Zhang X J, Liu L Q, Lin D H, Dang Z, Xiang Y, Deng X W 2016 High Power Laser Science and Engineering 4 20
[22]	Boehly T R, Brown D L, Craxton R S, Keck R L, Knauer J P, Kelly J H, Kessler T J, Kumpan S A, Loucks S J, Letzring S A, Marshall F J, McCrory R L, Morse S F B, Seka W, Soures J M, Verdon C P 1997 Opt. Commun. 133 495
[23]	Tommasini R, Hatchett S P, Hey D S, Iglesias C, Izumi N, Koch J A, Landen O L, MacKinnon A J, Sorce C, Delettrez J A, Glebov V Y, Sangster T C, Stoeckl C 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 056309
[24]	Stoeckl C, Chiritescu C, Delettrez J A, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Harding D R, Keck R L, Loucks S J, Lund L D, McCrory R L, McKenty P M, Marshall F J, Meyerhofer D D, Morse S F B, Regan S P, Radha P B, Roberts S, Sangster T C, Seka W, Skupsky S, Smalyuk V A, Sorce C, Soures J M, Town R P J, Frenje J A, Li C K, Petrasso R D, Séguin F H, Fletcher K, Paladino S, Freeman C, Izumi N, Lerche R, Phillips T W 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 2195
[25]	Ramis R, Schmalz R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 1988 Comput. Phys. Commun. 49 475
[26]	Chung H K, Chen M H, Morgan W L, Ralchenko Y, Lee R W 2005 High Energy Density Physics 1 3
[27]	Chung H K, Morgan W L, Lee R W 2003 J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radia. Transfer 81 107
[28]	Marshall F J, Craxton R S, Delettrez J A, Edgell D H, Elasky L M, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Goncharov V N, Harding D R, Janezic R, Keck R L, Kilkenny J D, Knauer J P, Loucks S J, Lund L D, McCrory R L, McKenty P W, Meyerhofer D D, Radha P B, Regan S P, Sangster T C, Seka W, Smalyuk V A, Soures J M, Stoeckl C, Skupsky S 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056302
[29]	Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2004 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (Oxford: Oxford University Press) pp47-72

施引文献

[1]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Hann S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[2]	Drake R P 2006 High-Energy-Density Physics: Fundamental, Inertial Fusion and Experimental Astrophysics (New York: Springer Science & Business Media) pp237-266
[3]	Zhang J Y, Yang J M, Xu Y, Yang G H, Yan J, Meng G W, Ding Y N, Wang Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 985 (in Chinese) [张继彦, 杨家敏, 许琰, 杨国洪, 颜君, 孟广为, 丁耀南, 汪艳 2008 57 985]
[4]	Zhang J Y, Xu Y, Yang J M, Yang G H, Li H, Yuan Z, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Bao L H, Huang C W, Wu Z Q, Yan J, Ding Y K, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J 2001 Phys. Plasmas 18 113301
[5]	Zhang J Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Yuan Z, Zhang H Y, Yang G H, Yang J M, Liu S Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J, Xu Y, Meng X J, Yan J 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 113302
[6]	Zhang X D, Zhang J Y, Zhao Y, Xiong G, Zhao B, Yang G H, Zheng J, Yang J M 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 123301
[7]	Sawada H, Regan S P, Radha P B, Epstein R, Li D, Goncharov V N, Hu S X, Meyerhofer D D, Delettrez J A, Jaanimagi P A, Smalyuk V A, Boehly T R, Sangster T C, Yaakobi B, Mancini R C 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 052702
[8]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Mancini R C, Iglesias C A, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I E, Blancard C, Cosse P, Faussurier G 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 058101
[9]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Iglesias C A, Abdallah Jr J, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I, Wang P, Mancini R C, Lake P W, Moore T C, Bump M, Garcia O, Mazevet S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 265002
[10]	Bailey J E, Rochau G A, Mancini R C, Iglesias C A, MacFarlane J J, Golovkin I E, Pain J C, Gilleron F, Blancard C, Cosse P, Faussurier G, Chandler G A, Nash T J, Nielsen D S, Lake P W 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 113104
[11]	Hansen J F, Glendinning S G, Heeter R F, Brockington S J E 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 013504
[12]	Remington B A, Allen P, Bringa E M, Hawreliak J, Ho D, Lorenz K T, Lorenzana H, McNaney J M, Meyers M A, Pollaine S W, Rosolankova K, Sadik B, Schneider M S, Swift D, Wark J, Yaakobi B 2006 Mater. Sci. Technol. 22 474
[13]	Moses E I, Boyd R N, Remington B A, Keane C J, Al-Ayat R 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 041006
[14]	Eason R W, Bradley D K, Kilkenny J D, Greaves G N 1984 J. Phys. C 17 5067
[15]	Shiwai B A, Djaoui A, Hall T A, Tallents G J, Rose S J 1992 Laser Part. Beams 10 41
[16]	Yaakobi B, Marshall F J, Boehly T R, Town P R J, Meyerhofer D D 2003 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 238
[17]	Yaakobi B, Meyerhofer D D, Boehly T R, Rehr J J, Remington B A, Allen P G, Pollaine S M, Albers R C 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 095504
[18]	Yaakobi B, Boehly T R, Meyerhofer D D, Collins T J B, Remington B A, Allen P G, Pollaine S M, Lorenzana H E, Eggert J H 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 075501
[19]	Maddox B R, Park H S, Remington B A, Chen C, Chen S, Prisbrey S T, Comley A, Back C A, Szabo C, Seely J F, Feldman U, Hudson L T, Seltzer S, Haugh M J, Ali Z 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 056709
[20]	Hammer D 2008 JASON Report on DTRA National Ignition Facility(NIF) JSR-08-800
[21]	Zheng W G, Wei X F, Zhu Q H, Jing F, Hu D X, Su J Q, Zheng K X, Yuan X D, Zhou H, Dai W J, Zhou W, Wang F, Xu D P, Xie X D, Feng B, Peng Z T, Guo L F, Chen Y B, Zhang X J, Liu L Q, Lin D H, Dang Z, Xiang Y, Deng X W 2016 High Power Laser Science and Engineering 4 20
[22]	Boehly T R, Brown D L, Craxton R S, Keck R L, Knauer J P, Kelly J H, Kessler T J, Kumpan S A, Loucks S J, Letzring S A, Marshall F J, McCrory R L, Morse S F B, Seka W, Soures J M, Verdon C P 1997 Opt. Commun. 133 495
[23]	Tommasini R, Hatchett S P, Hey D S, Iglesias C, Izumi N, Koch J A, Landen O L, MacKinnon A J, Sorce C, Delettrez J A, Glebov V Y, Sangster T C, Stoeckl C 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 056309
[24]	Stoeckl C, Chiritescu C, Delettrez J A, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Harding D R, Keck R L, Loucks S J, Lund L D, McCrory R L, McKenty P M, Marshall F J, Meyerhofer D D, Morse S F B, Regan S P, Radha P B, Roberts S, Sangster T C, Seka W, Skupsky S, Smalyuk V A, Sorce C, Soures J M, Town R P J, Frenje J A, Li C K, Petrasso R D, Séguin F H, Fletcher K, Paladino S, Freeman C, Izumi N, Lerche R, Phillips T W 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 2195
[25]	Ramis R, Schmalz R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 1988 Comput. Phys. Commun. 49 475
[26]	Chung H K, Chen M H, Morgan W L, Ralchenko Y, Lee R W 2005 High Energy Density Physics 1 3
[27]	Chung H K, Morgan W L, Lee R W 2003 J. Quantit. Spectrosc. Radia. Transfer 81 107
[28]	Marshall F J, Craxton R S, Delettrez J A, Edgell D H, Elasky L M, Epstein R, Glebov V Y, Goncharov V N, Harding D R, Janezic R, Keck R L, Kilkenny J D, Knauer J P, Loucks S J, Lund L D, McCrory R L, McKenty P W, Meyerhofer D D, Radha P B, Regan S P, Sangster T C, Seka W, Smalyuk V A, Soures J M, Stoeckl C, Skupsky S 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056302
[29]	Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2004 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (Oxford: Oxford University Press) pp47-72

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