强激光产生的强磁场及其对弓激波的影响

李彦霏; 李玉同; 朱保君; 袁大伟; 李芳; 张喆; 仲佳勇; 魏会冈; 裴晓星; 刘畅; 原晓霞; 赵家瑞; 韩波; 廖国前; 鲁欣; 华能; 朱宝强; 朱健强; 方智恒; 安红海; 黄秀光; 赵刚; 张杰

doi:10.7498/aps.66.095202

摘要

强激光照射金属线圈后，会在打靶点附近的背景等离子体中诱发冷电子的回流，在金属丝内形成强电流源，从而产生强磁场.本文利用神光II高功率激光器产生的强激光照射金属丝靶，产生了围绕金属丝的环形强磁场.利用B-dot对局域磁感应强度进行了测量，根据测量结果，结合三维模拟程序，反演得到磁场的空间分布.再利用强激光与CH平面靶相互作用产生的超音速等离子体撞击该金属丝，产生了弓激波.通过光学成像手段研究了磁场对冲击波的影响，发现磁场使得弓激波的轮廓变得不明显并且张角变大.同时，通过实验室天体物理定标率，将金属丝表面等离子参数变换到相应的天体参数中，结果证明利用该实验方法可以在实验室中产生类似太阳风的磁化等离子体.

关键词:

Abstract

Laboratory astrophysics is a rapid developing field studying astrophysical or astronomical processes on a high-power pulsed facility in laboratory. It has been proved that with the similarity criteria, the parameters in astrophysical processes can be transformed into those under laboratory conditions. With appropriate experimental designs the astrophysical processes can be simulated in laboratory in a detailed and controlled way. Magnetic fields play an important role in many astrophysical processes. Recently, the generation of strong magnetic fields and their effects on relevant astrophysics have attracted much interest. According to our previous work, a strong magnetic field can be induced by a huge current formed by the background cold electron flow around the laser spot when high power laser pulses irradiate a metal wire. In this paper we use this scheme to produce a strong magnetic field and observe its effect on a bow shock on the Shenguang II (SG II) laser facility. The strength of the magnetic field is measured by B-dot detectors. With the measured results, the magnetic field distribution is calculated by using a three-dimension code. Another bunch of lasers irradiates a CH planar target to generate a high-speed plasma. A bow shock is formed in the interaction of the high-speed plasma with the metal wire under the strong magnetic condition. The effects of the strong magnetic field on the bow shock are observed by shadowgraphy and interferometry. It is shown that the Mach number of the plasma flow is reduced by the magnetic field, leading to an increase of opening angle of the bow shock and a decrease of the density ratio between downstream and upstream. In addition, according to the similarity criteria, the experimental parameters of plasma are scaled to those in space. The transformed results show that the magnetized plasma around the wire, produced by X-ray emitted from the laser-irradiated planar target in the experiment, is suitable for simulating solar wind in astrophysics. In this paper, we provide another method to produce strong magnetic field, apply it to a bow shock laboratory astrophysical study, and also generate the magnetized plasma which can be used to simulate solar wind in the future experiments.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家实验室, 北京 100190;

2.
中国科学院国家天文台, 北京 100012;

3.
北京师范大学天文系, 北京 100875;

4.
中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所, 高功率激光与物理国家实验室, 上海 201800;

5.
中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所, 上海 201800;

6.
上海交通大学, 激光等离子体实验室(教育部), 物理与天文系, 上海 200240;

7.
上海交通大学, IFSA协同创新中心, 上海 200240;

8.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京 100049

通信作者: 李玉同, ytli@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2013CBA01501）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：11135012，11375262，11520101003，11503041）和科学挑战计划（批准号：TZ2016005）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;

3.
Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;

4.
National Laboratory on High Power Lasers and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;

5.
Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai 201800, China;

6.
Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;

7.
Collaborative Innovation Centre of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;

8.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Li Yu-Tong, ytli@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CBA01501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11135012, 11375262, 11520101003, 11503041), and the Science Challenge Project (Grants No. TZ2016005).

参考文献

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[15]	Yuan D W, Li Y T, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhong J Y, Zheng W D, Dong Q L, Chen M, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Kuramitsu Y, Kato T N, Takabe H, Rhee Y J, Zhu J Q, Zhao G, Zhang J 2013 High Energ. Dens. Phys. 9 239
[16]	Albertazzi B, Ciardi A, Nakatsutsumi M, Vinci T, Beard J, Bonito R, Billette J, Borghesi M, Burkley Z, Chen S N, Cowan T E, Herrmannsdorfer T, Higginson D P, Kroll F, Pikuz S A, Naughton K, Romagnani L, Riconda C, Revet G, Riquier R, Schlenvoigt H P, Skobelev I Y, Faenov A Y, Soloviev A, Huarte-Espinosa M, Frank A, Portugall O, Pepin H, Fuchs J 2014 Science 346 325
[17]	Fujioka S, Zhang Z, Ishihara K, Shigemori K, Hironaka Y, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H, Watanabe T, Shiraga H, Nishimura H, Azechi H 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1170
[18]	Gao L, Ji H T, Fiksel G, Fox W, Evans M, Alfonso N 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 043106
[19]	Pei X X, Zhong J Y, Sakawa Y, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Wei H G, Li Y T, Li Y F, Zhu B J, Sano T, Hara Y, Kondo S, Fujioka S, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Zhao G 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 032125
[20]	Rosenberg M J, Li C K, Fox W, Igumenshchev I, Sguin F H, Town R P J, Frenje J A, Stoeckl C, Glebov V, Petrasso R D 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 042703
[21]	Rosenberg M J, Li C K, Fox W, Igumenshchev I, Seguin F H, Town R P, Frenje J A, Stoeckl C, Glebov V, Petrasso R D 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6190
[22]	Zhang K, Zhong J Y, Wang J Q, Pei X X, Wei H G, Yuan D W, Yang Z W, Wang C, Li F, Han B, Yin C L, Liao G Q, Fang Y, Yang S, Yuan X H, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Cao Z R, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Kuramitsu Y, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Li Y T, Zhu J Q, Zhang J, Zhao G 2015 High Energ. Dens. Phys. 17, PartA 32
[23]	Nilson P, Willingale L, Kaluza M, Kamperidis C, Minardi S, Wei M, Fernandes P, Notley M, Bandyopadhyay S, Sherlock M, Kingham R, Tatarakis M, Najmudin Z, Rozmus W, Evans R, Haines M, Dangor A, Krushelnick K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 255001
[24]	Li C K, Seguin F H, Frenje J A, Rygg J R, Petrasso R D, Town R P, Landen O L, Knauer J P, Smalyuk V A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 055001
[25]	Zhong J Y, Lin J, Li Y T, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang K, Yuan D W, Ping Y L, Wei H G, Wang J Q, Su L N, Li F, Han B, Liao G Q, Yin C L, Fang Y, Yuan X, Wang C, Sun J R, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Ding Y K, He X T, Zhu J Q, Sheng Z M, Li G, Zhao G, Zhang J 2016 Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 225 30
[26]	Zhu B J, Li Y T, Yuan D W, Li Y F, Li F, Liao G Q, Zhao J R, Zhong J Y, Xue F B, He S K, Wang W W, Lu F, Zhang F Q, Yang L, Zhou K N, Xie N, Hong W, Wei H G, Zhang K, Han B, Pei X X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang W M, Zhu J Q, Gu Y Q, Zhao Z Q, Zhang B H, Zhao G, Zhang J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 261903
[27]	Landau L D, Lifshitz E M (translated by Li Z) 2013 Fluid Mechanics (Beijing: Higher Education Press) pp 359-411 (in Chinese) [朗道 L D, 栗弗席兹 E M 著 (李植译) 2013 流体动力学(第五版) (北京: 高等教育出版社)第359411页]
[28]	Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Gregory C D, Waugh J N, Dono S, Aoki H, Tanji H, Koenig M, Woolsey N, Takabe H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 175002

施引文献

[1]	Zank G P 1999 Space Sci. Rev. 89 413
[2]	Yamada M, Kulsrud R, Ji H 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 603
[3]	Russell C T, Luhmann J G, Strangeway R J 2006 Planet. Space Sci. 54 1482
[4]	Zhang T L, Lu Q M, Baumjohann W, Russell C T, Fedorov A, Barabash S, Coates A J, Du A M, Cao J B, Nakamura R, Teh W L, Wang R S, Dou X K, Wang S, Glassmeier K H, Auster H U, Balikhin M 2012 Science 336 567
[5]	Mitchell C B 1998 Astrophys. J. 493 291
[6]	Rigby B J, Mainstone J S 1973 Planet. Space Sci. 21 499
[7]	Pudritz R E, Hardcastle M J, Gabuzda D C 2012 Space Sci. Rev. 169 27
[8]	Ciardi A, Vinci T, Fuchs J, Albertazzi B, Riconda C, Ppin H, Portugall O 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 025002
[9]	Zhong J Y, Li Y T, Wang X G, Wang J Q, Dong Q L, Xiao C J, Wang S J, Liu X, Zhang L, An L, Wang F L, Zhu J Q, Gu Y, He X T, Zhao G, Zhang J 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 984
[10]	Dong Q L, Wang S J, Lu Q M, Huang C, Yuan D W, Liu X, Lin X X, Li Y T, Wei H G, Zhong J Y, Shi J R, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Jiang B B, Du K, He X T, Yu M Y, Liu C S, Wang S, Tang Y J, Zhu J Q, Zhao G, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 215001
[11]	Ryutov D D, Remington B A, Robey H F, Drake R P 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 1804
[12]	Liu X, Li Y T, Zhang Y, Zhong J Y, Zheng W D, Dong Q L, Chen M, Zhao G, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Kuramitsu Y, Kato T N, Chen L M, Lu X, Ma J L, Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Takabe H, Rhee Y J, Ding Y K, Jiang S E, Liu S Y, Zhu J Q, Zhang J 2011 New J. Phys. 13 093001
[13]	Yuan D W, Wu J F, Li Y, Lu X, Zhong J, Yin C, Su L, Liao G, Wei H, Zhang K, Han B, Wang L, Jiang S, Du K, Ding Y, Zhu J, He X, Zhao G, Zhang J 2015 Astrophys. J. 815 46
[14]	Dong Q L, Wang S J, Li Y T, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wei H G, Shi J R, Zhao G, Zhang J Y, Gu Y Q, Ding Y K, Wen T S, Zhang W H, Hu X, Liu S Y, Zhang L, Tang Y J, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J, Nishimura H, Fujioka S, Wang F L, Takabe H, Zhang J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 012701
[15]	Yuan D W, Li Y T, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhong J Y, Zheng W D, Dong Q L, Chen M, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Kuramitsu Y, Kato T N, Takabe H, Rhee Y J, Zhu J Q, Zhao G, Zhang J 2013 High Energ. Dens. Phys. 9 239
[16]	Albertazzi B, Ciardi A, Nakatsutsumi M, Vinci T, Beard J, Bonito R, Billette J, Borghesi M, Burkley Z, Chen S N, Cowan T E, Herrmannsdorfer T, Higginson D P, Kroll F, Pikuz S A, Naughton K, Romagnani L, Riconda C, Revet G, Riquier R, Schlenvoigt H P, Skobelev I Y, Faenov A Y, Soloviev A, Huarte-Espinosa M, Frank A, Portugall O, Pepin H, Fuchs J 2014 Science 346 325
[17]	Fujioka S, Zhang Z, Ishihara K, Shigemori K, Hironaka Y, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H, Watanabe T, Shiraga H, Nishimura H, Azechi H 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1170
[18]	Gao L, Ji H T, Fiksel G, Fox W, Evans M, Alfonso N 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 043106
[19]	Pei X X, Zhong J Y, Sakawa Y, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Wei H G, Li Y T, Li Y F, Zhu B J, Sano T, Hara Y, Kondo S, Fujioka S, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Zhao G 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 032125
[20]	Rosenberg M J, Li C K, Fox W, Igumenshchev I, Sguin F H, Town R P J, Frenje J A, Stoeckl C, Glebov V, Petrasso R D 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 042703
[21]	Rosenberg M J, Li C K, Fox W, Igumenshchev I, Seguin F H, Town R P, Frenje J A, Stoeckl C, Glebov V, Petrasso R D 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6190
[22]	Zhang K, Zhong J Y, Wang J Q, Pei X X, Wei H G, Yuan D W, Yang Z W, Wang C, Li F, Han B, Yin C L, Liao G Q, Fang Y, Yang S, Yuan X H, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Cao Z R, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Kuramitsu Y, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Li Y T, Zhu J Q, Zhang J, Zhao G 2015 High Energ. Dens. Phys. 17, PartA 32
[23]	Nilson P, Willingale L, Kaluza M, Kamperidis C, Minardi S, Wei M, Fernandes P, Notley M, Bandyopadhyay S, Sherlock M, Kingham R, Tatarakis M, Najmudin Z, Rozmus W, Evans R, Haines M, Dangor A, Krushelnick K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 255001
[24]	Li C K, Seguin F H, Frenje J A, Rygg J R, Petrasso R D, Town R P, Landen O L, Knauer J P, Smalyuk V A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 055001
[25]	Zhong J Y, Lin J, Li Y T, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang K, Yuan D W, Ping Y L, Wei H G, Wang J Q, Su L N, Li F, Han B, Liao G Q, Yin C L, Fang Y, Yuan X, Wang C, Sun J R, Liang G Y, Wang F L, Ding Y K, He X T, Zhu J Q, Sheng Z M, Li G, Zhao G, Zhang J 2016 Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 225 30
[26]	Zhu B J, Li Y T, Yuan D W, Li Y F, Li F, Liao G Q, Zhao J R, Zhong J Y, Xue F B, He S K, Wang W W, Lu F, Zhang F Q, Yang L, Zhou K N, Xie N, Hong W, Wei H G, Zhang K, Han B, Pei X X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang W M, Zhu J Q, Gu Y Q, Zhao Z Q, Zhang B H, Zhao G, Zhang J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 261903
[27]	Landau L D, Lifshitz E M (translated by Li Z) 2013 Fluid Mechanics (Beijing: Higher Education Press) pp 359-411 (in Chinese) [朗道 L D, 栗弗席兹 E M 著 (李植译) 2013 流体动力学(第五版) (北京: 高等教育出版社)第359411页]
[28]	Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Gregory C D, Waugh J N, Dono S, Aoki H, Tanji H, Koenig M, Woolsey N, Takabe H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 175002

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