Bathocuproine/Ag复合电极对于聚合物光伏器件效率和稳定性的影响

杨冰洋; 何大伟; 王永生

doi:10.7498/aps.64.108801

摘要

采用Bathocuproine/Ag (BCP/Ag)复合电极代替Ca/Al复合电极, 制备PTB7:PC71BM 作为光敏层的聚合物光伏器件, 并通过改变BCP薄膜厚度来研究BCP/Ag复合电极对于器件光电转换器和稳定性的影响. 研究发现: 在光敏层和金属电极之间插入BCP修饰层后, 器件性能得到了显著的改善, 在BCP厚度为5 nm时, 器件的效率达到了6.82%, 且略高于Ca/Al复合电极的器件效率; 相比于采用Ca/Al复合电极的器件, BCP/Ag复合电极增大了器件的短路电流和外量子效率, 使器件效率得到提高; 同时器件的稳定性得到了显著的改善, BCP/Ag 复合电极器件的衰减速率几乎和未插入BCP的器件衰减速率相同, 相对于Ca/Al复合电极器件大幅提高.

关键词:

Abstract

In this work, the composite anode of BCP/Ag replaces the composite anode of Ca/Al, and the PTB7:PC71BM acts an as active layer for polymer solar cells. Calcium (Ca) is not a desirable candidate as electron extraction layer (EEL) for long-term stability polymer solar cells (PSCs) on account of its nature of active metal. And then, due to the poor stability of Al, which is not a desirable candidate as electrode, the bathocuproine (BCP) layer acts as an exciton blocking layer in organic device such OLEDs and small molecule solar cells, which has a k value that is close to zero for a broad range of wavelengths. The Ag has the nature of better chemical stability and conductivity than Al. In the device architecture described below, we replace the typical back metal electrode composed of a thin Ca layer and a thicker Al electrode by a few nanometer thick bathocuproine (BCP) layer and a thick 150 nm Ag layer. We investigate the effects of BCP thickness on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. The results reveal that the photovoltaic performances are improved, and a PCE of 6.82% at the 5 nm of BCP thickness, higher than the PCE of Ca/Al acted composite anode, is achieved. The substitution of BCP for Ca, can largely enhance light harvesting and exhibits an optimal light absorption by the active layer. This enhanced reflectivity of the buffer layer/electrode back contact results in an increase of the short circuit current. Compared with the devices of Ca/Al composite anode, it increases Jsc and external quantum efficiency with BCP/Ag composite anode. At the same time, it has the better stability of BCP/Ag composite anode of device, and almost the same PCE decrease ratio as free BCP devices and significantly improves the stability compared with Ca/Al composite anode. The stability test shows the better stability of BCP/Ag as composite anode than that of Ca/Al composite anode. The PCE of the device with Ca/Al as composite anode rapidly decreases by about 70% after 50 hour servicing due to the poor stabilities of Ca and Al. The device with BCP/Ag as composite anode shows favorable stability, owing to the PCE moderate decrease by less than 30% after the same story time. Our results indicate that substitution of BCP/Ag for Ca/Al composite anode is an alternative candidate for high performance and longterm photo stability PSCs.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京交通大学, 发光与光信息技术教育部重点实验室, 北京 100044;

2.
北京交通大学光电子技术研究所, 北京 100044

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2011CB932700, 2011CB932703)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61335006, 61378073)和北京市自然科学基金(批准号: 4132031)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China;

2.
Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB932700, 2011CB932703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61335006, 61378073), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 4132031).

参考文献

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[18]	Mihailetchi V D, Xie H X, Boer B D, Koster L J A, Blom P W M 2006 Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 699
[19]	He Z C, Zhong C M, Su S J, Xu M, Wu H B, Cao Y 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 591
[20]	Li Q, Li H Q, Zhao J, Huang J, Yu J S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 128803 (in Chinese) [李青, 李海强, 赵娟, 黄江, 于军胜 2013 62 128803]
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[24]	Tavakkoli M, Ajeian R, Badrabadi M N, Ardestani S S, Feiz S M H, Nasab K E 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 1964
[25]	Das A J, Narayan K S 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 2193
[26]	Cai W Z, Gong X, Cao Y 2010 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C 94 114
[27]	Zhao G J, He Y J, Li Y F 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 4355
[28]	Zhao G J, He Y J, Xu Z, Hou J H, Zhang M J, Min J, Chen H Y, Ye M F, Hong Z R, Yang Y, Li Y F 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1480
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[30]	Krebs F C, Tromholt T, Jörgensen M 2010 Nanoscale 2 873

施引文献

[1]	Sariciftci N S, Smilowitz L, Heeger A J, Wudl F 1992 Science 258 1474
[2]	Kim J Y, Lee K, Coates N E, Moses D, Nguyen T Q, Dante M, Heeger A J 2007 Science 317 222
[3]	Liu Z F, Zhao S L, Xu Z, Yang Q Q, Zhao L, Liu Z M, Chen H T, Yang Y F, Gao S, Xu X R 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 068402 (in Chinese) [刘志方, 赵谡玲, 徐征, 杨倩倩, 赵玲, 刘志民, 陈海涛, 杨一帆, 高松, 徐叙瑢 2014 63 068402]
[4]	Li Y F 2012 Acc. Chem. Res. 45 723
[5]	Williams G, Wang Q, Aziz H 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 2239
[6]	Ma W L, Yang C Y, Gong X, Lee K H, Heeger A J 2005 Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 1617
[7]	He Z, Zhong C, Su S, Xu M, Wu H, Cao Y 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 591
[8]	Guo X, Zhang M, Ma W, Ye L, Zhang S Q, Liu S J, Ade H, Huang F, Hou J H 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4043
[9]	You J B, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen C C, Gao J, Li G, Yang Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1446
[10]	Pan H B, Zuo L J, Fu W F, Fan C C, Andreasen B, Jiang X Q, Norrman K, Krebs F C, Chen H Z 2013 Org. Electron. 14 797
[11]	Shrotriya V, Li G, Yao Y, Chu C W, Yang Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 073508
[12]	Zhao C, Qiao X F, Chen B B, Hu B 2013 Org. Electron. 14 2192
[13]	Chen B B, Qiao X F, Liu C M, Zhao C, Chen H C, Wei K H, Hu B 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 193302
[14]	Huang Z Y, Li G L, Li K, Zhen H Y, Shen W D, Liu X D, Liu X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 048801 (in Chinese) [黄卓寅, 李国龙, 李衎, 甄红宇, 沈伟东, 刘向东, 刘旭 2012 61 048801]
[15]	Alberto M O, Xavier E, Rafael B, Jordi M 2013 Adv. Opt. Mater. 1 37
[16]	Liu X D, Xu Z, Zhang F J, Zhao S L, Zhang T H, Gong W, Yan G, Kong C, Wang Y S, Xu X R 2011 Chin. Phys. B. 20 068801
[17]	Verploegen E, Mondal R, Bettinger C J, Sork S, Tongey M F, Bao Z N 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 3519
[18]	Mihailetchi V D, Xie H X, Boer B D, Koster L J A, Blom P W M 2006 Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 699
[19]	He Z C, Zhong C M, Su S J, Xu M, Wu H B, Cao Y 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 591
[20]	Li Q, Li H Q, Zhao J, Huang J, Yu J S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 128803 (in Chinese) [李青, 李海强, 赵娟, 黄江, 于军胜 2013 62 128803]
[21]	Manceau M, Chambon S, Rivaton A, Gardette J L, Guillerez S, Lemaötre N 2010 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 1572
[22]	Gallardo D E, Bertoni C, Dunn S, Gaponik N, Eych-mller A 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 3364
[23]	Schafferhans J, Baumann A, Wagenpfahl A, Deibel C, Dyakonov V 2010 Org. Electron. 11 1693
[24]	Tavakkoli M, Ajeian R, Badrabadi M N, Ardestani S S, Feiz S M H, Nasab K E 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 1964
[25]	Das A J, Narayan K S 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 2193
[26]	Cai W Z, Gong X, Cao Y 2010 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C 94 114
[27]	Zhao G J, He Y J, Li Y F 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 4355
[28]	Zhao G J, He Y J, Xu Z, Hou J H, Zhang M J, Min J, Chen H Y, Ye M F, Hong Z R, Yang Y, Li Y F 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1480
[29]	Yang X N, Loos J, Veenstra S C, Verhees W J H, Wienk M M, Kroon J M, Michels M A J, Janssen R A J 2005 Nano Lett. 5 579
[30]	Krebs F C, Tromholt T, Jörgensen M 2010 Nanoscale 2 873

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