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高倍聚光光伏组件通常采用光电转化效率较高的三结太阳电池. 由于聚光器件的非理想性,电池承受的光照分布通常是高度非均匀的,在光伏组件中可通过适当增大光斑与电池面积的比率来降低光照非均匀性对电池电学性能的影响. 通过对某一特定三结电池进行电路网络建模计算,分析光斑的强度分布和照射面积对电池的影响,并对比了四种设计方案(均匀光照、非均匀光照、电池效率最大、组件效率最大)下的光斑强度、光斑大小、电池效率以及电池温度分布. 对比分析结果表明,组件达到效率最大时的电池效率并不是电池在标准测试条件下的最大效率,而使电池工作在效率最大值的设计方案中组件效率最低. 组件效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较小,因此该方案将导致组件成本增大. 电池效率最大方案中使用的聚光器透镜面积较大并且电池温度最低,故该方案组件成本较低且可靠性较高. 这表明在实际组件设计中应充分考虑对发电量的实际需求,选择合适的几何聚光倍数和光斑覆盖电池的比率.The cells in high concentrated photovoltaic module are usually high efficiency triple-junction solar cells. Due to the non-ideal concentrators, the light intensity distribution on a solar cell is highly non-uniform, so the appropriate increase of the ratio between light spot size and cell area is a method to reduce the influence of non-uniform illumination on the electrical performance of the solar cell. The circuit network model is used to calculate the influences of light spot intensity distribution and size on a triple-junction solar cell. The light spot intensities and sizes, the cell efficiencies, and the temperature distributions of the cell under four design schemes (uniform illumination, non-uniform illumination, maximum cell efficiency, and maximum module efficiency) are compared. The results show that the cell efficiency in the maximum module efficiency design is not the maximum cell efficiency under the standard testing condition. The design to make the cell achieve the maximum efficiency obtains the minimum module efficiency. The design to achieve maximum module efficiency has a smaller size of concentrator, so the cost of the module goes up. The design to achieve the maximum cell efficiency has a bigger size of concentrator and a lowest cell temperature, so the cost of the module will reduce and the reliability will improve. Above all, the requirement of electricity quantity should be fully considered in the module design, in which an appropriate geometric concentration ratio and light spot coverage to solar cells should be chosen.
[1] Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop E D 2014 Prog. Photovoltaics 22 1
[2] Chen N F, Bai Y M 2007 Physics 36 862 (in Chinese) [陈诺夫, 白一鸣 2007 物理 36 862]
[3] Baig H, Heasman K C, Mallick T K 2012 Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 16 5890
[4] Rodrigo P, Fernández E F, Almonacid F, Pérez-Higueras P J 2013 Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 26 752
[5] Steiner M, Philipps S P, Hermle M, Bett A W, Dimroth F 2011 Prog. Photovoltaics 19 73
[6] Steiner M, Guter W, Peharz G, Philipps S P, Dimroth F, Bett A W 2012 Prog. Photovoltaics 20 274
[7] Garcia I, Algora C, Rey-Stolle I, Galiana B 2008 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p1
[8] Domenech-Garret J L 2011 Sol. Energy 85 256
[9] Yang G H, Wei M, Chen B Z, Dai M C, Guo L M, Wang Z Y 2013 J. Appl. Opt. 34 898 (in Chinese) [杨光辉, 卫明, 陈丙振, 代明崇, 郭丽敏, 王智勇 2013 应用光学 34 898]
[10] Cui M, Chen N F, Deng J X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034216
[11] Cui M, Chen N F, Deng J X, Liu L Y 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 084208
[12] Cotal H, Frost J 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p213
[13] Friedman D J 1996 Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p89
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[1] Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop E D 2014 Prog. Photovoltaics 22 1
[2] Chen N F, Bai Y M 2007 Physics 36 862 (in Chinese) [陈诺夫, 白一鸣 2007 物理 36 862]
[3] Baig H, Heasman K C, Mallick T K 2012 Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 16 5890
[4] Rodrigo P, Fernández E F, Almonacid F, Pérez-Higueras P J 2013 Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 26 752
[5] Steiner M, Philipps S P, Hermle M, Bett A W, Dimroth F 2011 Prog. Photovoltaics 19 73
[6] Steiner M, Guter W, Peharz G, Philipps S P, Dimroth F, Bett A W 2012 Prog. Photovoltaics 20 274
[7] Garcia I, Algora C, Rey-Stolle I, Galiana B 2008 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p1
[8] Domenech-Garret J L 2011 Sol. Energy 85 256
[9] Yang G H, Wei M, Chen B Z, Dai M C, Guo L M, Wang Z Y 2013 J. Appl. Opt. 34 898 (in Chinese) [杨光辉, 卫明, 陈丙振, 代明崇, 郭丽敏, 王智勇 2013 应用光学 34 898]
[10] Cui M, Chen N F, Deng J X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034216
[11] Cui M, Chen N F, Deng J X, Liu L Y 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 084208
[12] Cotal H, Frost J 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p213
[13] Friedman D J 1996 Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (New York: IEEE) p89
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