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运用一维和三维微磁学模拟探究了易轴与外场存在偏角β情况下Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe 双层膜的磁矩反转过程, 计算了磁矩反转过程中磁滞回线和磁能积, 并与实验结果进行了对比. 计算结果表明, 在膜面内的易轴偏角β严重影响磁矩反转过程. 当β≠0°时, 磁矩反转过程中无明显成核现象, 随着易轴偏角β的增大, 剩磁显著减小, 磁滞回线方形度变差, 导致磁能积急剧减小. 对于Nd2Fe14B(10 nm)/α-Fe(8 nm)双层膜, β=10°时, 最大磁能积下降30.3%. 在磁矩反转过程中, 总能量最大时对应的外磁场能随易轴偏角的增大而减小, 交换作用能先增大后减小, 磁晶各向异性能则随着易轴偏角的增大而增大. 软磁相厚度越大, 双层膜的磁能积受易轴偏角影响越大. 在膜面外的易轴偏角对磁矩反转过程也有类似的影响.The hysteresis loops and energy products in the magnetization reversal process are investigated by one-and three-dimensional micromagnetic methods for a Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe bilayer system with an angle β between the applied field and the easy axis, and the results are compared with available experimental results. The calculation shows that the deviation of the easy axis affects the magnetization reversal process seriously. When β≠0°, there is no obvious nucleation in the magnetization reversal process. The remanence decreases as β decreases, and the squareness of the hysteresis loops is weakened, leading to the sharp decrease of energy product. For Nd2Fe14B(10 nm)/α-Fe(8 nm), the energy product decreases by 30.3% when β=10°. In the magnetization reversal process, as the total energy reaches the maxium, Zeeman energy decreases with increasing of β, and the exchange energy first increases and then decreases slightly, and the anisotropic energy increases with the increasing of β. The deviation of easy axis has a greater influence on the energy product of the bilayer system with larger soft thickness. The out-of-plane deviation of easy axis has a similar effect.
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Keywords:
- micromagnetic simulation /
- easy axes /
- energy products /
- energy
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[1] Kneller E F, Hawig R 1991 IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 3588
[2] Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[3] Schrefl T, Kronmller H, Fidler J 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 127 L273
[4] Asti G, Ghidini M, Pellicelli R, Pernechele C, Solzi M, Albertini F, Casoli F, Fabbrici S, Pareti L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 094406
[5] Zhao G P, Deng Y, Zhang H W, Chen L, Feng Y P, Bo N 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 093928
[6] Belemuk A M, Chui S T 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 093909
[7] Zhao G P, Wang X L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 012409
[8] Zhao G P, Zhou G, Zhang H W, Feng Y P, Xian C W, Zhang Q X 2008 Comput. Mater. Sci. 44 117
[9] Schrefl T, Fidler J, Kronmller H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 6100
[10] Shindo M, Ishizone M, Sakuma A, Kato H, Miyazaki T 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 4444
[11] Chumakov D, Schäfer R, Elefant D, Eckert D, Schultz L, Yan S S, Barnard J A 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 134409
[12] Guo Z J, Jiang J S, Pearson J E, Bader S D, Liu J P 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2029
[13] Jiang J S, Pearson J E, Liu Z Y, Kabius B, Trasobares S, Miller D J, Bader S D, Lee D R, Haskel D, Srajer G, Liu J P 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 5293
[14] Pogossian S P, Spenato D, Dekadjevi D T, Youssef J B 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174414
[15] Ma B, Wang H, Zhao H B, Sun C G, Acharya R, Wang J P 2010 IEEE Magn. Lett. 46 2345
[16] Hou H C, Liao J W, Lin M S, Lin H J, Chang F H, Chen R Z, Chiu C H, Lai C H 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07C104
[17] Liu S, Higgins A, Shin E, Bauser S, Chen C, Lee D, Shen Y, He Y, Huang M Q 2006 IEEE Trans. Magn. 42 2912
[18] Neu V, Häfner K, Patra A K, Schultz L 2006 J. Phys. D 39 5116
[19] Patra A K, Neu V, Fahler S, Groetzschel R, Schultz L 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 142512
[20] Serrona L K E B, Sugimura A, Adachi N, Okuda T, Ohsato H, Sakamoto I, Nakanishi A, Motokawa M, Ping D H, Hono K 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1751
[21] Ping D H, Hono K, Hirosawa S 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 7769
[22] Wang Y, Wang R, Xie H L, Bai J M, Wei F L 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 68506
[23] Li Z B, Shen B G, Niu E, Sun J R 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062405
[24] Yan S S, Elkawni M, Li D S, Garmestani H, Liu J P, Weston J L, Zangari G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 4535
[25] Deng Y, Zhao G P, Bo N 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 037502 (in Chinese) [邓娅, 赵国平, 薄鸟 2011 60 037502]
[26] Liu J P, Liu Y, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 3241
[27] Liu W, Zhang Z D, Liu J P, Chen L J, He L L, Liu Y, Sun X K, Sellmyer D J 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 1832
[28] Cui W B, Takahashi Y K, Hono K 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 6530
[29] Zhang J, Takahashi Y K, Gopalan R, Hono K 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 122509
[30] Liu Y, George T A, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 172504
[31] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226–230 1464
[32] Zhao G P, Deng Y, Zhang H W, Cheng Z H, Ding J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07D340
[33] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M, Neri F M 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 174401
[34] Leineweber T, Kronmller H 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 176 145
[35] Pellicelli R, Solzi M, Neu V, Hägner K, Pernechele C, Ghidini M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 184430
[36] Wilson M J, Zhu M, Myers R C, Awschalom D D, Schiffer P, Samarth N 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 045319
[37] Zhao G P, Chen L, Huang C W, Guo N L, Feng Y P 2010 Solid State Commun. 150 1486
[38] Brown W F 1945 Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 15
[39] Donahue M J, Porter D G 1999 OOMMF User’s Guide version 1.0 (Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology) NISTIR 6376
[40] Song S Y, Guo G H, Zhang G F, Song W B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5757 (in Chinese) [宋三元, 郭光华, 张光富, 宋文斌 2009 58 5757]
[41] Chen R J, Rong C B, Zhang H W, He S L, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4341 (in Chinese) [陈仁杰, 荣传兵, 张宏伟, 贺淑莉, 张绍英, 沈保根 2004 53 4341]
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